REL

In this article we are going to analyze the impact of REL on contemporary society. Given the relevance of this topic today, it is imperative to understand the implications that REL has in various areas, such as economics, politics, culture and technology. Over the next few lines we will examine how REL has transformed the way we interact with the world around us, as well as its long-term consequences. Through detailed analysis, we seek to shed light on the dynamics that REL has generated and possible solutions to the challenges it poses.

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

For other uses, see REL (disambiguation).

REL
Identifiers
Aliases	REL, C-Rel, REL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit, HIVEN86A, IMD92
External IDs	OMIM: 164910; MGI: 97897; HomoloGene: 2182; GeneCards: REL; OMA:REL - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human)[1] Band 2p16.1 Start 60,881,521 bp[1] End 60,931,612 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)[2] Band 11 A3.2|11 14.36 cM Start 23,686,847 bp[2] End 23,720,970 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in buccal mucosa cell bone marrow secondary oocyte bone marrow cells monocyte epithelium of colon mucosa of urinary bladder human penis cartilage tissue superficial temporal artery Top expressed in mesenteric lymph nodes blood spleen granulocyte conjunctival fornix skin of external ear bone marrow secondary oocyte cumulus cell stroma of bone marrow More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding DNA binding sequence-specific DNA binding chromatin binding DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific protein binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex transcription regulator complex nucleoplasm nucleus Biological process response to cytokine regulation of transcription, DNA-templated negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of interferon-beta production negative regulation of gene expression transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated NIK/NF-kappaB signaling positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling innate immune response inflammatory response positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of neuron death I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling transcription by RNA polymerase II Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5966 19696 Ensembl ENSG00000162924 ENSMUSG00000020275 UniProt Q04864 P15307 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001291746 NM_002908 NM_009044 RefSeq (protein) NP_001278675 NP_002899 NP_033070 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 60.88 – 60.93 Mb Chr 11: 23.69 – 23.72 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

The proto-oncogene c-Rel is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REL gene.^[5] The c-Rel protein is a member of the NF-κB family of transcription factors and contains a Rel homology domain (RHD) at its N-terminus and two C-terminal transactivation domains. c-Rel is a myeloid checkpoint protein that can be targeted for treating cancer.^[6] c-Rel has an important role in B-cell survival and proliferation. The REL gene is amplified or mutated in several human B-cell lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma.^[7]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000162924 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ ^{a b c} GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020275 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. ^ Ruben SM, Klement JF, Coleman TA, Maher M, Chen CH, Rosen CA (Jun 1992). "I-Rel: a novel rel-related protein that inhibits NF-kappa B transcriptional activity". Genes Dev. 6 (5): 745–60. doi:10.1101/gad.6.5.745. PMID 1577270.
6. ^ Li T, Li X, Chen YH (May 2020). "c-Rel is a myeloid checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy". Nature Cancer. 1 (5): 507–517. doi:10.1038/s43018-020-0061-3. PMC 7808269. PMID 33458695.
7. ^ Gilmore TD, Kalaitzidis D, Liang MC, Starczynowski DT (March 2004). "The c-Rel transcription factor and B-cell proliferation: a deal with the devil". Oncogene. 23 (13): 2275–86. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207410. PMID 14755244.

Further reading

• Rayet B, Gélinas C (2000). "Aberrant rel/nfkb genes and activity in human cancer". Oncogene. 18 (49): 6938–47. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203221. PMID 10602468.
• Kunsch C, Ruben SM, Rosen CA (1992). "Selection of optimal kappa B/Rel DNA-binding motifs: interaction of both subunits of NF-kappa B with DNA is required for transcriptional activation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 (10): 4412–21. doi:10.1128/mcb.12.10.4412. PMC 360365. PMID 1406630.
• Neumann M, Tsapos K, Scheppler JA, et al. (1992). "Identification of complex formation between two intracellular tyrosine kinase substrates: human c-Rel and the p105 precursor of p50 NF-kappa B.". Oncogene. 7 (11): 2095–104. PMID 1437141.
• Kochel T, Rice NR (1992). "v-rel- and c-rel-protein complexes bind to the NF-kappa B site in vitro". Oncogene. 7 (3): 567–72. PMID 1549370.
• Kumar S, Rabson AB, Gélinas C (1992). "The RxxRxRxxC motif conserved in all Rel/kappa B proteins is essential for the DNA-binding activity and redox regulation of the v-Rel oncoprotein". Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 (7): 3094–106. doi:10.1128/mcb.12.7.3094. PMC 364524. PMID 1620118.
• Lu D, Thompson JD, Gorski GK, et al. (1991). "Alterations at the rel locus in human lymphoma". Oncogene. 6 (7): 1235–41. PMID 1650444.
• Muchardt C, Seeler JS, Nirula A, et al. (1992). "Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus enhancer function by PRDII-BF1 and c-rel gene products". J. Virol. 66 (1): 244–50. doi:10.1128/JVI.66.1.244-250.1992. PMC 238281. PMID 1727488.
• Hansen SK, Nerlov C, Zabel U, et al. (1992). "A novel complex between the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B and c-Rel binds to a DNA element involved in the phorbol ester induction of the human urokinase gene". EMBO J. 11 (1): 205–13. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05043.x. PMC 556441. PMID 1740106.
• Davis N, Ghosh S, Simmons DL, et al. (1991). "Rel-associated pp40: an inhibitor of the rel family of transcription factors". Science. 253 (5025): 1268–71. Bibcode:1991Sci...253.1268D. doi:10.1126/science.1891714. PMID 1891714.
• Lim MY, Davis N, Zhang JY, Bose HR (1990). "The v-rel oncogene product is complexed with cellular proteins including its proto-oncogene product and heat shock protein 70". Virology. 175 (1): 149–60. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(90)90195-W. PMID 2155506.
• Brownell E, Mittereder N, Rice NR (1989). "A human rel proto-oncogene cDNA containing an Alu fragment as a potential coding exon". Oncogene. 4 (7): 935–42. PMID 2666912.
• Brownell E, O'Brien SJ, Nash WG, Rice N (1986). "Genetic characterization of human c-rel sequences". Mol. Cell. Biol. 5 (10): 2826–31. doi:10.1128/mcb.5.10.2826. PMC 367021. PMID 3016517.
• Brownell E, Kozak CA, Fowle JR, et al. (1986). "Comparative genetic mapping of cellular rel sequences in man, mouse, and the domestic cat". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 39 (2): 194–202. PMC 1683919. PMID 3529946.
• John S, Reeves RB, Lin JX, et al. (1995). "Regulation of cell-type-specific interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain gene expression: potential role of physical interactions between Elf-1, HMG-I(Y), and NF-kappa B family proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (3): 1786–96. doi:10.1128/mcb.15.3.1786. PMC 230403. PMID 7862168.
• Xu X, Gélinas C (1995). "The v-Rel oncoprotein complexes with new Rel- and RelA-related proteins in transformed cells". Virology. 207 (2): 362–8. doi:10.1006/viro.1995.1095. PMID 7886940.
• Mackman N (1994). "Protease inhibitors block lipopolysaccharide induction of tissue factor gene expression in human monocytic cells by preventing activation of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (42): 26363–7. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47202-X. PMID 7929355.
• Sif S, Gilmore TD (1994). "Interaction of the v-Rel oncoprotein with cellular transcription factor Sp1". J. Virol. 68 (11): 7131–8. doi:10.1128/JVI.68.11.7131-7138.1994. PMC 237152. PMID 7933095.
• Hansen SK, Baeuerle PA, Blasi F (1994). "Purification, reconstitution, and I kappa B association of the c-Rel-p65 (RelA) complex, a strong activator of transcription". Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (4): 2593–603. doi:10.1128/mcb.14.4.2593. PMC 358627. PMID 8139561.
• Beg AA, Baldwin AS (1994). "Activation of multiple NF-kappa B/Rel DNA-binding complexes by tumor necrosis factor". Oncogene. 9 (5): 1487–92. PMID 8152812.

External links

• Genes,+rel at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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