Velar ejective stop
In the following article, we are going to explore in depth the topic of Velar ejective stop, which has been the subject of interest and debate in different areas. From its impact on society to its relevance in history, Velar ejective stop has been the subject of study and analysis by experts and fans alike. Over the years, Velar ejective stop has proven to be a highly important and multi-faceted topic, making it worthy of being analyzed from different perspectives. In this article, we will delve into the different dimensions of Velar ejective stop and examine its influence in various contexts, with the aim of providing a comprehensive and enriching vision on this topic.
| Velar ejective stop | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| kʼ | |||
| IPA number | 109 + 401 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | kʼ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+006B U+02BC | ||
| X-SAMPA | k_> | ||
| |||
The velar ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨kʼ⟩.
Features
Features of the velar ejective:
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
- Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the soft palate.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | акы/aky | 'one' | |||
| Adyghe | Temirgoy | шкӏэ/س̈ڃە/šč̣ʼǎ | ⓘ | 'calf' | |
| Shapsug | кӏьэ / ڃیە / č̣yė | ⓘ | 'tail' | Palatalized. Corresponds to in other dialects. | |
| Amharic | ቀን/ḳän | ⓘ | 'day' | ||
| Archi[1] | кIан/k'an | 'bottom' | |||
| Armenian | Yerevan dialect[2] | կեղծ/kekhts | 'false' | Some speakers. Corresponds to tenuis in most speakers and other Eastern dialects. | |
| Tbilisi dialect | կարմիր/karmir | 'red' | |||
| Avar | кӀул / گۇل / ḳul | 'key' | |||
| Chechen | кӀант/khant/ࢰانت | 'boy' | |||
| English[3][4] | Non-local Dublin[5] | back | 'back' | Allophone of /k/ for some speakers.[5] | |
| Northern English[6][7][8] | Pre-pausal allophone of /k/ for some speakers;[7] may be somewhat palatalised. See English phonology | ||||
| Southern English[5][6][7] | |||||
| Scottish[9] | Occasional word-final allophone of /k/.[9] | ||||
| Georgian | კაბა/kʼaba | 'dress' | |||
| Haida | ttsanskkaagid | 'beams' | |||
| Hausa | ƙoƙari / ࢼُوْࢼَرِی | 'effort' | |||
| Kabardian | Baslaney | кӏьапсэ / ࢰالسە / ćalse | ⓘ | 'rope' | Palatalized. Corresponds to in other dialects. |
| Kʼicheʼ | k'ak' | 'new' | |||
| Lak | кӀлла/ⱪalla/ࢰالّا | 'rootless, foreign'[10] | |||
| Lezgian | кIир/k'ir | 'fang' | |||
| Mpade[11] | takʼwa | 'to vomit' | |||
| Navajo | k'os | 'cloud' | |||
| Ossetian | Iron | къона/khona | 'hearth' | ||
| Digoron | дзæкъолæ/dzækholæ | 'bag' | |||
| Quechua | k'aspi | 'stick' | |||
| Sotho | [example needed] | ||||
| Yeyi | [example needed] | Contrasts /kʼ kʲʼ ᵑkʼ/. | |||
See also
Notes
- ^ "The Archi Language Tutorial" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
- ^ Dum-Tragut (2009:17–18)
- ^ Wells & Colson (1971:3)
- ^ "Ejectives in English | Linguism | Linguistics, Pronunciation and Phonetics". 21 August 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
- ^ a b c "Glossary". Retrieved 11 February 2015.
- ^ a b Cruttenden (2008:167)
- ^ a b c Wells (1982:261)
- ^ Gimson (1970:34)
- ^ a b McCarthy & Stuart-Smith (2013)
- ^ лакско-русский словарь Link
- ^ Allison (2006).
References
- Cruttenden, Alan, ed. (2008), Gimson's Pronunciation of English (7th ed.), London: Hodder, ISBN 978-0340958773
- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Gimson, Alfred C. (1970), An Introduction to the pronunciation of English, London: Edward Arnold
- Wells, John C.; Colson, Greta (1971), Practical Phonetics, London: Pitman, ISBN 0-273-43949-9
- Wells, John C. (1982), Accents of English I: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29719-2
- Allison, Sean (2006), Alphabet et orthographe de Kotoko de Makary (mpadɨ) (Makary Kotoko Orthography Statement), SIL
