In this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of Bu–Nao languages, exploring its multiple facets and possible implications in different areas. From its origins to its impact today, Bu–Nao languages has been the subject of interest and debate, being considered a relevant topic not only for experts in the field, but also for the general public. Along these lines, we will analyze in depth the various perspectives surrounding Bu–Nao languages, examining its influence on society, culture and academia. Likewise, we will explore the possible challenges and opportunities that Bu–Nao languages poses, and we will reflect on its importance and relevance in the contemporary world.
| Bu–Nao | |
|---|---|
| Bunu languages | |
| Geographic distribution | Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou, China[1] |
| Ethnicity | Bunu |
Native speakers | 390,000 (2001)[1] |
| Linguistic classification | Hmong–Mien
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bwx |
| Glottolog | buna1280 |
The Bu–Nao or Bunu languages are a Hmongic (Miao) language branch spoken in Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou in China. Its speakers are officially classified as ethnic Yao but speak Hmongic languages. The branch consists of three languages, which are Bunu (or Bunu proper), Baonao (Nao Klao), and Numao. The term Bu–Nao is a portmanteau of Bunu and Nao Klao.
Speakers of Bu–Nao languages are officially classified as Yao people by the Chinese government, although they speak Hmongic languages rather than Mienic languages. Strecker (1987) had classified Bunu proper as a Western (Chuanqiandian) Hmongic language, and the other "Bunu" languages—Younuo (Yuno), Wunai (Hm Nai), and Jiongnai (Kiong Nai)—as distinct branches of Hmongic. Matisoff (2001) grouped all of these together in a Bunu branch of Hmongic (that is, outside Western Hmongic). Ratliff (2010) classified Bunu within Western Hmongic and moved Jiongnai to its own peripheral branch of Hmongic.[2] Wang & Deng (2003) classify the Bu–Nao languages as a cousin branch of Western Hmongic, and Jiongnai and Younuo as independent branches.[3]
Bu–Nao language varieties are spoken by a total of 390,000 speakers. They can be divided into three major clusters, namely Bunu, Baonao, and Numao.[1]
Intelligibility among these varieties is difficult, and they may also be considered separate languages. Strecker (1987) suggested they may not form a group at all, but separate languages within West Hmongic.[4]