Habei language

In this article, Habei language will be addressed from various perspectives, with the aim of delving into its importance, incidence and relevance today. Along these lines, different aspects related to Habei language will be analyzed, focusing on its evolution over time, its impact on society and its influence in different areas. Likewise, relevant data, studies and reflections will be presented that will allow the reader to obtain a comprehensive and enriching vision about Habei language. From its origins to its current situation, through its implications in the cultural, social, political or economic sphere, this article aims to shed light on Habei language and generate a space for reflection and debate around this very transcendental topic.

Habei
Native toChina
RegionYunnan
EthnicityHani
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
GlottologNone

Habei (Chinese: 哈备; also known as Mani 玛尼[1]) is a Southern Loloish language of Yunnan, China. Hsiu (2018)[2] suggests that Habei belongs to the Bisoid branch.

Background

Habei is spoken in only one village, namely Habei village 哈备村,[3] Zhemi Township 者米乡, Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County, Yunnan (Jinping County Ethnic Gazetteer 2013:89, 101).[4] The Habei people refer to their village as Kuang An (况安), meaning 'old village' (< kuang 'village' + an 'old').[5]

The Habei still preserve traditional animist rituals.[1]

The Habei language has been documented by Yan (1995) and He & Liu (2011).

Names

Autonyms and exonyms for the Habei are as follows (Yan 1995:60).

  • autonym: ma³³nɛ³³ (蛮尼)
  • Yao exonym: ta⁵⁵ka³³ (单嘎)
  • Lahu exonym: xa⁴²pe⁵⁵ (哈背)
  • Miao exonym: xa³³pe⁵³ (哈备)
  • Zhuang exonym: je³³u⁵⁵ (牙乌)
  • Hani exonym: xa³³pi⁵⁵, xa³³bø⁵⁵ (哈备)

Phonology

Habei has 32 onsets and 62 rimes (Yan 1995:67). The consonant inventory is similar to that of standard Hani of Lüchun County, but also has /f/ and /v/, which Lüchun Hani does not have. Final consonants are -p, -t, -k, -m, -n, and -ŋ.

There are 6 tones. In songs, only 4 tones are recognizable (Yan 1995:67).

Phrase examples

The following Habei phrase examples are from Yan (1995:69-70). Adjectives follow head nouns.

tɕen55

bowl

ɲi323

two

lum24

CL

tɕen55 ɲi323 lum24

bowl two CL

Two bowls

ɣa33

chicken

sum55

three

na55

CL

ɣa33 sum55 na55

chicken three CL

Three chickens

kʰɤ tɕʰɔ33

shoe

ŋa24

five

tɕuŋ55

pair

{kʰɤ tɕʰɔ33} ŋa24 tɕuŋ55

shoe five pair

Five pairs of shoes

na33

2SG

ŋɤ33

POS

tɕʰɛ323ma33

hoe

na33 ŋɤ33 tɕʰɛ323ma33

2SG POS hoe

Your hoe

ja33tɕʰa323

friend

ŋɤ33

POS

a33xɤn33

sound

ja33tɕʰa323 ŋɤ33 a33xɤn33

friend POS sound

Friend's voice

Sentence examples

The following Habei sentence examples are from Yan (1995:68-69). Habei has SOV word order.

ŋa33

1SG

xaŋ24

rice

iaŋ24

eat

ŋa33 xaŋ24 iaŋ24

1SG rice eat

I eat rice.

na33

2SG

ti33kʰa55

liquor

taŋ55

drink

na33 ti33kʰa55 taŋ55

2SG liquor drink

You drink liquor.

ŋa33

1SG

ja33pjɔ55

children

sum55

three

jo33

CL

tɕa55

have

ŋa33 ja33pjɔ55 sum55 jo33 tɕa55

1SG children three CL have

I have three children.

na33

2SG

jɔ55ka55

household

tɕʰa55

people

xa33lo323

how.many

lo33

CL

tɕa55

have

na33 jɔ55ka55 tɕʰa55 xa33lo323 lo33 tɕa55

2SG household people how.many CL have

How many people does your household have?

ja33

3SG

la55

come

a323

NEG

la55

come

ja33 la55 a323 la55

3SG come NEG come

Is he coming?

ve323

pig

le33

and

ɣa33

chicken

lɔ323

both

dʑɛ323za323a55

livestock

bɤ33

PRT

ve323 le33 ɣa33 lɔ323 dʑɛ323za323a55 bɤ33

pig and chicken both livestock PRT

Pigs and chickens are both domestic livestock.

References

  1. ^ a b 哈备村玛尼人传统思维方式探析
  2. ^ Hsiu, Andrew. 2018. Classifications of some lesser-known Lolo-Burmese languages.
  3. ^ "金平苗族瑶族傣族自治县者米拉祜族乡顶青村委会哈备村". Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
  4. ^ 金平苗族瑶族傣族自治县民族志1979-2010. 金平苗族瑶族傣族自治県民族宗教事務局編. 雲南民族出版社. 2013年8月. ISBN 9787536757028
  5. ^ Dao Jie . 2012. 哈备村:哈尼文化兼收并蓄的缩影. In Ethnic Today , 2012(9) Archived 2017-12-12 at the Wayback Machine.
  • He Shaoming 何绍明; Liu Jieting 刘洁婷. 2011. 国际哈尼/阿卡区域文化调查: 中国金平县者米哈尼族哈备人文化实录. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press 云南人民出版社. ISBN 978-7-222-07408-8
  • Yan Hongxin . 1995. "Jinpingxian Hanizu Habeiren qingkuang diaocha" . In Jinping shaoshu minzu de lishi he wenhua , p.59-72. Kunming: Yunnan Ethnic Publishing House .
  • You Weiqiong . 2013. Classifying ethnic groups of Yunnan . Beijing: Nationalities Press .