Wuming Mandarin

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Wuming Mandarin
Wuming Guanhua
武鸣官话
Native to	China
Region	Wuming District
Native speakers	40,000 (2005)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Mandarin Southwestern Mandarin Gui–Liu Wuming Mandarin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None

Wuming Mandarin or Wuming Guanhua (simplified Chinese: 武鸣官话; traditional Chinese: 武鳴官話; pinyin: Wǔmíng Guānhuà), known locally as Wuminghua (武鸣话; 武鳴話; Wǔmínghuà; 'Wuming speech'), is a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin spoken in urban Wuming District, specifically in the towns of Chengxiang and Fucheng. It is a variety that has been influenced substantially by Zhuang, which is the majority language of the district.

Classification

Wuming Mandarin is classified as a part of the Gui–Liu subgroup (桂柳片; Guì-Liǔ piàn) of Southwestern Mandarin. The second edition of the Language Atlas of China further classifies it as part of the Guinan (southern Guangxi) cluster (桂南小片; Guìnán xiǎopiàn).

Phonology

Initials

There are 18 phonemic initials (including the zero initial):

		Bilabial		Alveolar		Velar		Glottal
Plosive	plain	p		t		k		ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ		tʰ		kʰ
Affricate	plain			ts
	aspirated			tsʰ
Fricative		f		s		x
Lateral fricative				ɬ
Nasal			m		n		ŋ
Lateral approximant					l

Rimes

There are seventy (70) rimes.

Tones

There are seven tones, six of which are native:

Name	Tone letter
yin level (阴平; 陰平)	˧ (33)
yang level (阳平; 陽平)	˨˩ (21)
rising (上声; 上聲)	˥ (55)
departing (去声; 去聲)	˨˦ (24)
high entering (入声高调; 入聲高調)	˥ (55)
low entering (入声低调; 入聲低調)	˨˩ (21)

The other tone, ˧˥ (35), is non-native, occurs in very few words, and corresponds to the yin level (阴平; 陰平) tone in Pinghua.

Notes

1. ^ WCAEB 2013, p. 137.
2. ^ a b c Lu 2013, p. 56.
3. ^ a b WCAEB 1998, vol. 27, ch. 1, sec. 2.
4. ^ Lu 2012, p. 5.
5. ^ Huang 1997, p. 57.
6. ^ Huang 1997, p. 59.
7. ^ CASS & AAH 1987, B6.
8. ^ a b Liu 2012, p. 169.
9. ^ a b Lu 2013, p. 57.

References

• Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Australian Academy of the Humanities (1987). 中国语言地图集 (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Longman Group (Far East). ISBN 0-582-99903-0.
• Huang, Yuanwei (1997). "The Interaction between Zhuang and the Yue (Cantonese) Dialects". In Edmondson, Jerold A.; Solnit, David B. (eds.). Comparative Kadai: The Tai Branch. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 57–76. ISBN 1-55671-005-4.
• Liu, Cunhan (2012). B2—2、3、4 广西壮族自治区的汉语方言. 中国语言地图集 (in Chinese). Vol. 汉语方言卷 (2nd ed.). Beijing: Commercial Press. pp. 166–176. ISBN 978-7-100-07054-6.
• Lu, Miaoyan (2012). 武鸣县城官话调查报告 (master's) (in Chinese). Guangxi University.
• Lu, Miaoyan (2013). 武鸣县城官话同音字汇 . Journal of Baise University (in Chinese). 26 (5): 56–64.
• Wuming County Annals Editorial Board, ed. (1998). 武鸣县志 (in Chinese). Nanning: Guangxi People's Publishing House. ISBN 7219036698.
• Wuming County Annals Editorial Board, ed. (2013). 武鸣县志（1991～2005） (in Chinese). Nanning: Guangxi People's Publishing House. ISBN 978-7-219-08337-6.

v t e Sino-Tibetan branches
Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim)	West Himalayish Tamangic Newaric Newar Baram–Thangmi Kiranti Dhimalish Dhimal Toto Lhokpu Lepcha Greater Magaric Magaric Magar Kham Chepangic Chepang Bhujel Raji–Raute Dura–Tandrange
Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal)	Bodish Tibetic East Bodish Tshangla Basum Nam? Gongduk ʼOle Tani Chamdo
Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border	Karbi Kuki-Chin Mruic Mru Hkongso Pyu Taman "Naga" Ao Angami–Pochuri Meitei Tangkhulic Zeme Sal Boro–Garo Konyak Jingpho–Luish
East and Southeast Asia	Sinitic Bai Tujia Nungish Karenic Gong Kathu Cai–Long Caijia Longjia Luren Burmo-Qiangic Qiangic Gyalrongic Ersuic Naic Lolo-Burmese Mondzish Burmish Loloish
Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal)	Hrusish Hruso Mijiic Kho-Bwa Puroik Miju–Meyor Songlin Greater Siangic Siangic Koro Milang Idu–Taraon
Proposed groupings	Central Tibeto-Burman Kuki-Chin–Naga Macro-Bai Mahakiranti Rung Tibeto-Burman Tibeto-Kanauri
Proto-languages	Proto-Sino-Tibetan Proto-Tibeto-Burman Proto-Loloish Proto-Karenic Proto-Min Proto-Hakka
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.

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