Today, Template:Cite web is a topic of great interest and relevance in today's society. The impact of Template:Cite web extends to different aspects of daily life, generating debates, research and reflections in different areas. It is important to deeply analyze Template:Cite web to understand its influence and find possible solutions to the challenges it poses. In this article, we will explore in detail the various aspects of Template:Cite web, addressing its implications in different contexts and offering a comprehensive view of this significant topic. Along these lines, we will delve into a critical analysis of Template:Cite web, seeking to understand its scope and project its possible consequences in the future.
This template is used on approximately 4,880,000 pages, or roughly 8% of all pages. To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them. |
This template can only be edited by administrators because it is transcluded onto one or more cascade-protected pages. |
This template is used by the standard installation of AutoWikiBrowser (AWB). If you are planning to make any major changes to this template, move it, or nominate it for deletion, please notify AWB's users and maintainers beforehand at Wikipedia talk:AWB as a courtesy. |
This template uses Lua: |
{{Cite arXiv}} | arXiv preprints |
---|---|
{{Cite AV media}} | audio and visual media |
{{Cite AV media notes}} | AV media liner notes |
{{Cite bioRxiv}} | bioRxiv preprints |
{{Cite book}} | books and chapters |
{{Cite CiteSeerX}} | CiteSeerX papers |
{{Cite conference}} | conference papers |
{{Cite document}} | short, stand-alone, offline documents |
{{Cite encyclopedia}} | edited collections |
{{Cite episode}} | radio or TV episodes |
{{Cite interview}} | interviews |
{{Cite journal}} | academic journals |
{{Cite magazine}} | magazines, periodicals |
{{Cite mailing list}} | public mailing lists |
{{Cite map}} | maps |
{{Cite medRxiv}} | medRxiv preprints |
{{Cite news}} | news articles |
{{Cite newsgroup}} | online newsgroups |
{{Cite podcast}} | podcasts |
{{Cite press release}} | press releases |
{{Cite report}} | reports |
{{Cite serial}} | audio or video serials |
{{Cite sign}} | signs, plaques |
{{Cite speech}} | speeches |
{{Cite SSRN}} | SSRN papers |
{{Cite tech report}} | technical reports |
{{Cite thesis}} | theses |
{{Cite web}} | web sources not covered by the above |
See also | Specific-source templates Citation Style 1 wrapper templates |
This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for web sources that are not characterized by another CS1 template. Do not use this template in the "External links" section of articles.
Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn=
have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=
, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.
For references with author credit
For references without author credit
|
{{cite web
| url = | title = | last = | first = | date = | website = | publisher = | access-date = | quote = }} |
|
Vertical list | Prerequisites | Brief instructions / notes |
---|---|---|
{{cite web | url = | url-access = | title = | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link2 = | date = | year = | orig-date = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | editor2-last = | editor2-first= | editor2-link = | department = | website = | series = | publisher = | agency = | location = | page = | pages = | at = | language = | script-title = | trans-title = | type = | format = | arxiv = | asin = | bibcode = | doi = | doi-broken-date= | isbn = | issn = | jfm = | jstor = | lccn = | mr = | oclc = | ol = | osti = | pmc = | pmid = | rfc = | ssrn = | zbl = | id = | access-date = | url-status = | archive-url = | archive-date = | via = | quote = | ref = | postscript = }} |
last last last2 date or year editor-last editor-last editor2-last url url, archive-url url, archive-date archive-url |
required required |
Before 2014, editors had to decide whether to use {{cite web}} or {{cite news}} based on their features. In 2014, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated.
As of 29 July 2016, {{cite web}} and {{cite news}} have the following differences:
|issue=
and |volume=
parameters while {{cite web}} does not (See Help:Citation Style 1 § Pages; see also {{cite magazine}}).But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:
cite web: | Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015. |
cite news: | Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015. |
{{cite web
|url=https://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|last=Doe
|first=John
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=April 30, 2005
|website=Encyclopedia of Things
|access-date=October 15, 2024}}
{{cite web
|url=https://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|last=Doe
|first=John
|date=30 April 2005
|website=Encyclopedia of Things
|access-date=15 October 2024}}
{{cite web
|url=https://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|last=Doe
|first=John
|date=2005-04-30
|access-date=2024-10-15}}
{{cite web
|url=https://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|last=Doe
|first=John
|access-date=15 October 2024}}
{{cite web
|url=https://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|access-date=2024-10-15}}
{{cite web
|url=https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rules-digest/
|title=NFL Rules Digest
|website=NFL Football Operations
|publisher=]
|access-date=October 15, 2024}}
When this template detects a link whose URL includes an extension of ".pdf" or ".PDF", typical of PDF files, it automatically displays a PDF icon after the link (regardless of whether the link goes to a PDF file or to an HTML landing page, typical of paysites). It also internally acts as if |format=PDF
had been specified, which displays " (PDF)" after the icon. (In this case, an explicit |format=PDF
parameter would be redundant, so it is not recommended to add it. Users may remove it. Citation bot, when invoked, will remove it. (ref))
{{cite web
|url=https://www.indiapost.gov.in/MBE/DOP_PDFFiles/List_of_Psychotropic_Substances.pdf
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
|publisher=International Narcotics Control Board
|access-date=15 October 2024}}
If the link is to a PDF file that is not automatically recognizable by its extension, this template does not display the PDF icon. You may add the parameter |format=PDF
, which displays " (PDF)" after the link (but no PDF icon).
{{cite web
|url=https://www.sample.com/somePDFdocument.000
|title=Some PDF Document
|publisher=Sample Int'l
|format=PDF
|access-date=15 October 2024}}
For links to files in other formats, no icon is displayed. For example, for an .odt file, you may add the parameter |format=ODT
, which displays " (ODT)" after the link.
{{cite web
|url=https://www.sample.com/someODTdocument.odt
|title=Some ODT Document
|publisher=Sample Int'l
|format=ODT
|access-date=15 October 2024}}
{{cite web
|url=https://www.example.org/
|title=Honi soit qui mal y pense
|last=Joliet
|first=François
|date=30 April 2005
|access-date=15 October 2024
|language=fr
|trans-title=Shame on those who think evil of it}}
{{cite web
|url=https://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|last=Doe
|first=John
|author-link=John Doe
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=April 30, 2005
|website=Encyclopedia of Things
|access-date=October 15, 2024}}
{{cite web
|url=https://www.example.org/
|title=Our Favourite Things
|last1=Doe
|first1=John
|last2=Smith
|first2=Peter
|last3=Smythe
|first3=Jim
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
|website=Encyclopaedia of Things
|access-date=15 October 2024}}
{{cite web
|url=https://www.example.org/
|title=Index of Sharp Things
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=2005-04-30
|website=Encyclopedia of Things
|access-date=2024-10-15}}
{{cite web
|url=https://www.example.org/
|title=Index of Sharp Things
|date=30 April 2005
|website=Encyclopedia of Things
|access-date=15 October 2024}}
{{cite web
|url=https://www.example.org/
|title=Index of Sharp Things
|date=April 30, 2005
|access-date=October 15, 2024}}
{{cite web
|url=https://www.incb.org/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2024/2311984R.pdf
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
|date=December 2023
|access-date=2024-10-15
|language=ru}}
|url-status=dead
is assumed and the resulting main link is to the archived version:
{{cite web
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
|date=2005-04-30
|publisher=International Narcotics Control Board
|access-date=2024-10-15
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907150136/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
|archive-date=2005-09-07}}
|url-status=live
is specified, the resulting main link is to the original page:
{{cite web
|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/dc-entertainment-give-classic-batman-824572
|title=DC Entertainment To Give Classic Batman Writer Credit in 'Gotham' and 'Batman v Superman' (Exclusive)
|website=The Hollywood Reporter
|date=September 18, 2015
|access-date=September 21, 2015
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022181821/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/dc-entertainment-give-classic-batman-824572
|archive-date=October 22, 2015}}
|url-status=unfit
or usurped
, the original is not linked at all:
{{cite web
|url=http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html
|title=London, United Kingdom Forecast: Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)
|publisher=The Weather Underground
|access-date=15 October 2024
|url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522171657/http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |archive-date=22 May 2011}}
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web
|url=https://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html
|title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea
|website=WebExhibits
|date=2008
|access-date=15 October 2024
|quote=... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'}}
... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'
Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).
This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:
|date=27 September 2007
not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)
Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example
, –
, or  
, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.
Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.
|periodical=
, |journal=
, |newspaper=
, |magazine=
, |work=
, |website=
, |encyclopedia=
, |encyclopaedia=
, |dictionary=
|chapter=
, |script-chapter=
, |contribution=
, |script-contribution=
, |entry=
, |script-entry=
, |article=
, |script-article=
, |section=
, |script-section=
|title=
, |script-title=
, |book-title=
|publication-place=
, |place=
, |location=
|date=
, |year=
, |publication-date=
|series=
, |version=
|volume=
, |issue=
, |number=
|page=
, |pages=
, |at=
, |quote-page=
, |quote-pages=
|edition=
|publisher=
, |institution=
|url=
, |chapter-url=
, |contribution-url=
, |section-url=
|author-last=
, |author-last#=
, |author#-last=
, |author-surname=
, |author-surname#=
, |author#-surname=
, |last=
, |last#=
, |surname=
, |surname#=
, |author=
, |author#=
, |subject=
, |subject#=
, |host=
, |host#=
|author-first=
, |author-first#=
, |author#-first=
, |author-given=
, |author-given#=
, |author#-given=
, |first=
, |first#=
, |given=
, |given#=
|degree=
|arxiv=
, |bibcode=
, |biorxiv=
, |citeseerx=
, |doi=
, |eissn=
, |eprint=
, |hdl=
, |isbn=
, |issn=
, |jfm=
, |jstor=
, |lccn=
, |message-id=
, |mr=
, |oclc=
, |osti=
, |pmc=
, |pmid=
, |rfc=
, |ssrn=
, |s2cid=
, |zbl=
Parameter | Description | Date |
---|---|---|
N/A |
Deprecated parameter | Replace with | Date |
---|---|---|
none deprecated at present |
Removed parameter | Replace with | Date | Note |
---|---|---|---|
|authors=
|
|lastn= / |firstn= , |authorn= , |vauthors=
|
August 2024 |
|author=Bono
). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
|first=
and |last=
. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Supports accept-this-as-written markup. Do not use italics in this field, as doing so produces corrupt metadata.|first1=...
|last1=...
|author2=...
.amp
, ampersand
, or &
, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and
, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vanc
displays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last
/first
forms of name parameters.|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
|vauthors=
as described above
... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
newline | [ | ] | | |
---|---|---|---|
space | [ | ] | | |
{{bracket|text}} | {{pipe}} – |
|no-tracking=true
to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.none
can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.|language=ru
; |lang=fr, pt-br
; |lang=Russian
; |language=French, Portuguese
. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form, e.g. espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang{{sfn}}
links to multiple works by the same author in the same year, unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case, year or ref is required to disambiguate the link targets.c.
", like this: |date=c. 1900
.
|date=n.d.
created
or updated
date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01
can be added.|date=
, |publication-date=
, |access-date=
, |archive-date=
, etc.) except for |orig-date=
in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}}
or {{use mdy dates}}
template. See those templates' documentation for details.|date=
parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the |date=
parameter, unless both of the following conditions are met:
CITEREF
disambiguator, usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.)|date=
format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.)|orig-date=First published 1859
or |orig-date=Composed 1904
. As |orig-date=
does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df=
(or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates=
of a {{use dmy dates}}
or {{use mdy dates}}
template), or as used in the |date=
parameter. Alias: orig-yeardmy
– set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;mdy
– as above for month day, year formatymd
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DDdmy-all
– set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;mdy-all
– as above for month day, year formatymd-all
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD{{cite journal}}
and {{cite magazine}}
): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If script-work is defined, use work to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-work. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical, website. Use Latin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard Romanization in this field.
... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ...
|publisher=self-published
.[2] Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title.|page=
or |pages=
, but not both. Displays preceded by p.
unless |no-pp=yes
. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12
), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12
to |pages=3{{ndash}}12
. Alias: p.|page=
or |pages=
, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp.
unless |no-pp=yes
. |pages=
without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))
. Alternatively, use |at=
, like this: |at=pp. 3-1–3-15
. Alias: pp.
p.
or pp.
notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover
or |pages=passim
.|page=
or |pages=
. Use only one of |page=
, |pages=
, or |at=
.|quote-page=
and |quote-pages=
used in conjunction with |quote=
, see here.#ixzz2rBr3aO94
or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=...
. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn=
or |oclc=
to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
{{use dmy dates}}
and {{use mdy dates}}
. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.|url-status=live
) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
{{use dmy dates}}
and {{use mdy dates}}
. Alias: archivedate.|url=
or |archive-url=
to link |title=
; requires url and archive-url. Use {{dead link}}
to mark dead |url=
when there is no |archive-url=
.
dead
– (default condition when |url-status=
omitted or empty) selects |archive-url=
live
– selects |url=
; used when |url=
is preemptively archived with |archive-url=
deviated
– selects |archive-url=
; used when |url=
is still 'live' but no-longer supports the text in a Wikipedia articleunfit
– selects |archive-url=
; used when |url=
links to vice (gambling, pornography), advertising, or other unsuitable page; links to |url=
are suppressed in the rendering. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider instead usurpation or blacklist. Bot help is available at WP:URLREQusurped
– selects |archive-url=
; used when the domain in |url=
no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities, such as vice, reseller and advertising sites; links to |url=
are suppressed in the rendering. Bot help is available at WP:URLREQbot: unknown
– Editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn't able to determine the status of the url. The page will be automatically placed in Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown when this value is present, and per the instructions in that category, editors manually evaluate the state of the URL and change the parameter value appropriately.URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http://
and https://
will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://
, gopher://
, irc://
, ircs://
, mailto:
and news:
may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.
If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20
. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
Character | space | " | ' | < | > | [ | ] | { | | | } |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Encoding | %20 | %22 | %27 | %3C | %3E | %5B | %5D | %7B | %7C | %7D |
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
See § url.
|ref=ID
generates an anchor with the given ID
(the id=
attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID">
HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID
identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv
has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none
. Aliases: none. |id=NCJ 122967
will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}}
to append NCJ 122967 instead.The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822
or |pmc=345678
.
|arxiv=hep-th/9205027
(before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001
(April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001
(since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.|asin=B00005N5PF
. Aliases: ASIN.
ae
, au
, br
, ca
, cn
, de
, es
, fr
, in
, it
, jp
, mx
, nl
, pl
, sa
, se
, sg
, tr
, uk
. Aliases: none.1974AJ.....79..819H
. Aliases: none.10.1101/078733
for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400
for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.10.1.1.176.341
for https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.10.1038/news070508-7
. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.
). Aliases: DOI.
|eissn=1557-2986
. Aliases: EISSN.
|hdl=20.1000/100
. Aliases: HDL.978-0-8126-9593-9
. Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN.
|isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}}
– if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher.979-0-9016791-7-7
. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.|issn=2049-3630
. Aliases: ISSN.
|jfm=53.0144.01
. Aliases: JFM.|jstor=3793107
. Aliases: JSTOR.|lccn=79-57364
or |lccn=2004042477
or |lccn=e09001178
. Aliases: LCCN.|mr=630583
. Aliases: MR.|oclc=9355469
. Aliases: OCLC.|ol=7030731M
. Aliases: OL.|osti=4367507
. Aliases: OSTI.|pmc=345678
. Do not include "PMC" in the value. . Aliases: PMC.
|pmid=17322060
Aliases: PMID.|rfc=3143
. Aliases: RFC.|sbn=356-02201-3
. Aliases: SBN.
|ssrn=1900856
. Aliases: SSRN.|s2cid=37220927
. Aliases: S2CID.|zbl=0472.53010
For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02
use |jfm=35.0387.02
. Aliases: ZBL.In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=
, |eissn=
, |isbn=
, |issn=
, and |sbn=
) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))
). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.
For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access=
parameter.
For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url=
and |title-link=
are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link=
to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc
or |title-link=doi
) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none
).
It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url=
parameter (or |title-link=
) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.
... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
|quote=
. Use either |quote-page=
or |quote-pages=
, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=
, |pages=
or |at=
. Displays preceded by p.
unless |no-pp=yes
. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12
). Alias: none.|quote=
. Use either |quote-page=
or |quote-pages=
, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages=
or |at=
. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp.
unless |no-pp=yes
is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages=
without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))
. Alias: none.|editor-first1=...
|editor-last1=...
|editor2=...
.amp
, ampersand
, or &
, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and
, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vanc
displays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last
/first
forms of name parameters.|veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
|veditors=
, as described above|mode=cs1
, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.
); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2
, element separator is a comma (,
); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.{{reflist}}
, <references />
or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=
) to apply the mask to a specific name.|display-authors=2
will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors). |display-authors=0
is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al. |display-authors=etal
displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none..
); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none
– leaving |postscript=
empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message. |postscript=
is ignored if quote is defined.Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles.
Four access levels can be used:
free
: the source is free to read for anyoneregistration
: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registrationlimited
: free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally requiredsubscription
: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall")As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.
Online sources linked by |url=
, |article-url=
, |chapter-url=
, |contribution-url=
, |entry-url=
, |map-url=
, and |section-url=
are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they are not marked as free
. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add |archive-url=
and |archive-date=
values if possible.
URL | Access | Allowed keywords |
---|---|---|
|url=
|
|url-access= |
registration limited subscription
|
|article-url=
|
|article-url-access=
| |
|chapter-url=
|
|chapter-url-access=
| |
|contribution-url=
|
|contribution-url-access=
| |
|entry-url=
|
|entry-url-access=
| |
|map-url=
|
|map-url-access=
| |
|section-url=
|
|section-url-access=
|
For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:
{{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}}
which renders as:
Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited
, registration
, or subscription
.
Identifier | Access | Allowed keywords |
---|---|---|
|bibcode=
|
|bibcode-access= |
free
|
|doi=
|
|doi-access=
| |
|hdl=
|
|hdl-access=
| |
|jstor=
|
|jstor-access=
| |
|ol=
|
|ol-access=
| |
|osti=
|
|osti-access=
| |
|ssrn=
|
|ssrn-access=
| |
|s2cid=
|
|s2cid-access=
|
Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:
|arxiv=
|biorxiv=
|citeseerx=
|medrxiv=
|pmc=
|rfc=
For embargoed pmc that will become available in the future, see pmc-embargo-date.
10.xxxx/...
part of the DOI associated with the registrant can be added to the list under local function build_free_doi_registrants_table(). If |doi-access=free
is not set, it will place the page in Category:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI, which is routinely cleared by User:Citation bot.10.xxxx/yyyy....
DOI pattern. Once that pattern is identified, it can be added to Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration under local extended_registrants_t = { with the format = {'YYYY'},
. If there are multiple journals with the same DOI prefix, they can be grouped together with the format = {'YYYY', 'ZZZZ', '...'},
.This section contains configuration data used by editing tools and automated bots. Changes to this data can result in widespread and unintended effects. For more information see Help:Citation Style 1#TemplateData |
TemplateData for Cite web
Template:Cite web uses standard parameter set; TemplateData has errors:
Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources, etc.
Parameter | Description | Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Last name | last last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname author-last subject | The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | Line | suggested |
First name | first given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | Line | suggested |
Author link | author-link author-link1 author1-link subject-link subject-link1 subject1-link authorlink | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | Page name | optional |
Last name 2 | last2 author2 | The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'. | Line | optional |
First name 2 | first2 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 2 | author-link2 author2-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 3 | last3 author3 | The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'. | Line | optional |
First name 3 | first3 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 3 | author-link3 author3-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 4 | last4 author4 | The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'. | Line | optional |
First name 4 | first4 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 4 | author-link4 author4-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 5 | last5 author5 | The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'. | Line | optional |
First name 5 | first5 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 5 | author-link5 author5-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 6 | last6 author6 | The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'. | Line | optional |
First name 6 | first6 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 6 | author-link6 author6-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 7 | last7 author7 | The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'. | Line | optional |
First name 7 | first7 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 7 | author-link7 author7-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 8 | last8 author8 | The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'. | Line | optional |
First name 8 | first8 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 8 | author-link8 author8-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 9 | last9 author9 | The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. | Line | optional |
First name 9 | first9 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 9 | author-link9 author9-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 10 | last10 author10 | The surname of the tenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link10'. | Line | optional |
First name 10 | first10 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the tenth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 10 | author-link10 author10-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the tenth author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 11 | last11 author11 | The surname of the eleventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link11'. | Line | optional |
First name 11 | first11 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eleventh author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 11 | author-link11 author11-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eleventh author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 12 | last12 author12 | The surname of the twelfth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link12'. | Line | optional |
First name 12 | first12 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the twelfth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 12 | author-link12 author12-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the twelfth author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 13 | last13 author13 | The surname of the thirteenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link13'. | Line | optional |
First name 13 | first13 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the thirteenth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 13 | author-link13 author13-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the thirteenth author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 14 | last14 author14 | The surname of the fourteenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link14'. | Line | optional |
First name 14 | first14 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourteenth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 14 | author-link14 author14-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourteenth author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 15 | last15 author15 | The surname of the fifteenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link15'. | Line | optional |
First name 15 | first15 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifteenth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 15 | author-link15 author15-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifteenth author. | Page name | optional |
Authors list | authors | List of authors as a free form list. This parameter is deprecated, use "lastn" or "firstn" (preferred) or "authorn" or "vauthors". Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used. | String | deprecated |
Author mask | author-mask | Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
Display authors | display-authors | Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used. By default, all authors are displayed. Examples: |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation followed by et al. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. | String | optional |
Name list style | name-list-style | Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.
| String | optional |
Source date | date | Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink | Date | suggested |
Year of publication | year | Year of the source being referenced; deprecated in favor of 'date', except for the special case of ISO dates with disambiguating letter | String | optional |
Original date | orig-date | Original date of publication; provide specifics | String | optional |
Editor last name | editor-last editor1-last editor | The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors. | Line | optional |
Editor first name | editor-first editor1-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first' | Line | optional |
Editor link | editor-link editor1-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors | Page name | optional |
Editor last name 2 | editor2-last editor2 | The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'. | Line | optional |
Editor first name 2 | editor2-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Editor link 2 | editor2-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor. | Page name | optional |
Editor last name 3 | editor3-last editor3 | The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'. | Line | optional |
Editor first name 3 | editor3-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Editor link 3 | editor3-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor. | Page name | optional |
Editor last name 4 | editor4-last editor4 | The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'. | Line | optional |
Editor first name 4 | editor4-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Editor link 4 | editor4-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor. | Page name | optional |
Editor last name 5 | editor5-last editor5 | The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'. | Line | optional |
Editor first name 5 | editor5-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Editor link 5 | editor5-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor. | Page name | optional |
Editor last name 6 | editor6-last editor6 | The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'. | Line | optional |
Editor first name 6 | editor6-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Editor link 6 | editor6-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor. | Page name | optional |
Editor last name 7 | editor7-last editor7 | The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'. | Line | optional |
Editor first name 7 | editor7-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Editor link 7 | editor7-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor. | Page name | optional |
Editor last name 8 | editor8-last editor8 | The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'. | Line | optional |
Editor first name 8 | editor8-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Editor link 8 | editor8-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor. | Page name | optional |
Editor last name 9 | editor9-last editor9 | The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'. | Line | optional |
Editor first name 9 | editor9-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Editor link 9 | editor9-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor. | Page name | optional |
Others | others | Used to record other (non-author) contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'. Only one ''others'' parameter is allowed: e.g., 'Illustrated by Jane Doe; Translated by John Smith' | String | optional |
Title | title | The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of your web browser. Not the name of the website. | String | required |
Script title | script-title | For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:... | String | optional |
Translated title | trans-title | An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended | String | optional |
URL | url URL | The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "https://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..."
| URL | required |
URL access level | url-access | Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')
| String | optional |
URL status | url-status | If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all.
| String | suggested |
Archive URL | archive-url archiveurl | The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'
| URL | suggested |
Archive date | archive-date archivedate | Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink | Date | suggested |
Archive format | archive-format | Format of the archived copy; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML | String | optional |
URL access date | access-date accessdate | The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink | Date | suggested |
Name of the website | website work | Title (name) of the website (or its short URL if no plain-language title is discernible); may be wikilinked; will display in italics. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' is redundant in many cases.
| String | suggested |
Series identifier | series | Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal | String | optional |
Publisher | publisher | Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' (a.k.a. 'work') is redundant in many cases.
| String | optional |
Place | place | For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written; will be treated as the publication place if publication place is absent; alias of 'location' | String | optional |
Page | page | Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' | String | optional |
Pages | pages | Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.' | String | optional |
At | at | May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient | String | optional |
Language | language lang | The language in which the source is written, if not English; use a two-letter language code or the full language name. Do not use icons or templates. Separate multiple languages with commas
| String | optional |
Type | type | Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case | String | optional |
Format | format | Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML | String | optional |
Place of publication | publication-place | Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at' | String | optional |
Publication date | publication-date | Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink | Date | optional |
Published via | via | Name of the entity hosting the original copy of the work, if different from the publisher. This entity is committed not to alter the work.
| String | optional |
No pp | no-pp | Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')
| Boolean | optional |
arXiv identifier | arxiv | An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers | String | optional |
ASIN | asin | Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters | String | optional |
ASIN TLD | asin-tld | ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US | String | optional |
Bibcode | bibcode | Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters | String | optional |
biorXiv | biorxiv | biorXiv identifier; 6 digits | Line | optional |
CiteSeerX | citeseerx | CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter | Line | optional |
DOI | doi | Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' | String | optional |
DOI broken date | doi-broken-date | The date that the DOI was determined to be broken
| Date | optional |
ISBN | isbn | International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible | String | optional |
ISSN | issn | International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen | String | optional |
jfm code | jfm | Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code | String | optional |
JSTOR | jstor | JSTOR identifier | String | optional |
LCCN | lccn | Library of Congress Control Number | String | optional |
MR | mr | Mathematical Reviews identifier | String | optional |
OCLC | oclc | Online Computer Library Center number | String | optional |
OL | ol | Open Library identifier | String | optional |
OSTI | osti | Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier | String | optional |
PMC | pmc | PubMed Center article number | String | optional |
PMID | pmid | PubMed Unique Identifier | String | optional |
RFC | rfc | Request for Comments number | String | optional |
SSRN | ssrn | Social Science Research Network | String | optional |
Zbl | zbl | Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier | String | optional |
id | id | A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable | String | optional |
Docket | docket | Docket number | Line | optional |
Quote | quote | Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation | String | optional |
Translated quote | trans-quote | English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. | String | optional |
Ref | ref | An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references | String | optional |
Postscript | postscript | The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined
| String | optional |
Edition | edition | Specify the edition or revision of the source, when applicable. For example: '2nd' or '5.1'. What you supply here is suffixed by ' ed.'
| Line | optional |
Bibcode access level | bibcode-access | If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.
| String | optional |
DOI access level | doi-access | If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.
| String | optional |
HDL access level | hdl-access | If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.
| String | optional |
Jstor access level | jstor-access | If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.
| String | optional |
OpenLibrary access level | ol-access | If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.
| String | optional |
OSTI access level | osti-access | If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.
| String | optional |
Agency | agency | The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse | String | optional |
This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.