Russulales

Nowadays, Russulales is a topic that has gained great relevance in society. Since its emergence, it has aroused the interest of specialists, academics and the general public due to its impact on different areas of daily life. Its influence has spread globally, generating debates, reflections and actions that seek to understand its scope and consequences. In this article, we will explore Russulales in depth, examining its origins, evolution, and the implications it represents today. Through detailed analysis, we will seek to shed light on this topic and offer a critical perspective that allows our readers to understand its importance and its relationship with the world around us.

Russulales
Russula emetica
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Subclass: incertae sedis
Order: Russulales
Kreisel ex P.M.Kirk, P.F.Cannon & J.C.David (2001)
Families

Albatrellaceae
Amylostereaceae
Auriscalpiaceae
Bondarzewiaceae
Echinodontiaceae
Hericiaceae
Hybogasteraceae
Lachnocladiaceae
Peniophoraceae
Russulaceae
Gloeocystidiellaceae
Stereaceae

Synonyms[1]
  • Aleurodiscales Jülich (1981)
  • Bondarzewiales Jülich (1981)
  • Hericiales Jülich (1981)
  • Lachnocladiales Jülich (1981)
  • Peniophorales Boidin, Mugnier & Canales (1998)
  • Russulales Kreisel (1969) nom. inval.
  • Stereales Jülich (1981)

The Russulales are an order of the Agaricomycetes, (which include the agaric genera Russula and Lactarius and their polyporoid and corticioid relatives). According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the order consists of 12 families, 80 genera, and 1767 species.[2] According to Species Fungorum (January 2016), the order contains 13 families, 117 genera (16 not assigned to a family), and 3,060 species.[3]

Russuloid agarics represent an independent evolutionary line of agarics, not directly related to the Agaricales.

This group also includes a number of russuloid hypogeous fungi, polypores such as Bondarzewia, some tooth fungi (e.g. Auriscalpium vulgare), and club fungi e.g. Artomyces.[4] Basidiospores in this group are typically ornamented with amyloid warts or reticulation but a few exceptions are known, e.g. Heterobasidion annosum. The genus Clavicorona was often treated in the Russulales, but its type species, C. taxophila, is in the Agaricales. The remaining species are retained in the Russulales in the genus Artomyces.[5]

Genera Incertae sedis

There are several genera classified in the Russulales that are i) poorly known, ii) have not been subjected to DNA analysis, or iii) if analysed phylogenetically do not group with as yet named or identified families, and have not been assigned to a specific family (i.e., Incertae sedis with respect to familial placement). These include:

References

  1. ^ "Russulales Kreisel ex P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon & J.C. David 2001". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2010-11-05.
  2. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. p. 609. ISBN 0-85199-826-7.
  3. ^ Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version January 2016). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Species 2000 & ITIS. Retrieved 2014-10-30.
  4. ^ Miller, S.L.; et al. (2006). "Perspectives in the new Russulales". Mycologia. 98 (6): 960–970. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.960. PMID 17486972.
  5. ^ Lickey, E.B.; et al. (2003). "Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies in Artomyces and Clavicorona (Homobasidiomycetes: Auriscalpiaceae)". Sydowia. 55: 181–254.