Indium(I) chloride

Indium(I) chloride (also indium monochloride) is the chemical compound with the formula InCl. Indium monochloride occurs as a yellow cubic form below 120 °C and above this temperature as a red orthorhombic form. InCl is one of three known indium chlorides.

Synthesis and structure

InCl can be prepared by heating indium metal with indium trichloride in a sealed tube.

According to X-ray crystallography, the structure of the yellow polymorph resembles that of sodium chloride except that the Cl-In-Cl angles are not 90°, but range between 71 and 130°. The red (high T) polymorph crystallizes in the thallium(I) iodide motif.

Reactivity

The relatively high energy level of the 5s electrons of the indium center make InCl susceptible to oxidation as well as disproportionation into In(0) and InCl3. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) appears to facilitate the disproptionation of InCl as well as other indium(I) halides.

History

Indium(I) chloride was first isolated in 1926 as part of an investigation on the compounds formed between indium and chlorine.

References

1. ^ Van Den Berg, J. M. (1966). "The crystal structure of the room temperature modification of indium chloride, InCl". Acta Crystallographica. 20 (6): 905–910. Bibcode:1966AcCry..20..905V. doi:10.1107/S0365110X66002032.
2. ^ a b c Pardoe, Jennifer A. J.; Downs, Anthony J. (2007-01-01). "Development of the Chemistry of Indium in Formal Oxidation States Lower than +3". Chemical Reviews. 107 (1): 2–45. doi:10.1021/cr068027+. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 17212469.
3. ^ Annan, Theodore A.; Chadha, Raj K.; Doan, Peter; McConville, David H.; McGarvey, Bruce R.; Ozarowski, Andrzej; Tuck, Dennis G. (October 1990). "One-electron transfer processes in the reaction of indium(I) halides with substituted o-quinones". Inorganic Chemistry. 29 (20): 3936–3943. doi:10.1021/ic00345a007. ISSN 0020-1669.
4. ^ Poland, J. S.; Tuck, D. G. (1972-09-01). "Coordination compounds of indium: XIV. The insertion of indium(I) iodide into carbon-iodide bonds". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 42 (2): 315–323. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)90080-9. ISSN 0022-328X.
5. ^ Van Der Vorst, C.P.J.M.; Maaskant, W.J.A. (1980). "Stereochemically active (5s)2 Lone Pairs in the Structures of α-InCl and β-InCl". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 34 (3): 301–313. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(80)90428-4.
6. ^ Van Der Vorst, C. P. J. M.; Verschoor, G. C.; Maaskant, W. J. A. (1978). "The Structures of Yellow and Red Indium Monochloride". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 34 (11): 3333–3335. Bibcode:1978AcCrB..34.3333V. doi:10.1107/S056774087801081X.
7. ^ Klemm, Wilhelm (1926). "Messungen an Indiumhalogeniden I" . Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 152: 252–266. doi:10.1002/zaac.19261520128.

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