HA-966

In today's world, HA-966 has become a topic of great relevance and interest to a wide spectrum of society. From its impact on the economy to its influence on popular culture, HA-966 has captured the attention of experts and fans alike. With a growing number of studies and debates addressing its importance, HA-966 has positioned itself as a central topic in contemporary discourse. As we enter an increasingly globalized and connected world, the relevance of HA-966 seems to increase, attracting the attention of individuals from different fields and disciplines. In this article, we will explore some of the most relevant dimensions of HA-966 and its impact on different aspects of today's society.

HA-966
Identifiers
  • 3-Amino-1-hydroxy-pyrrolidin-2-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.162.446 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC4H8N2O2
Molar mass116.120 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C1C(CCN1O)N
  • InChI=1S/C4H8N2O2/c5-3-1-2-6(8)4(3)7/h3,8H,1-2,5H2
  • Key:HCKUBNLZMKAEIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

HA-966 or (±)-3-amino-1-hydroxy-pyrrolidin-2-one is a molecule used in scientific research as a glycine receptor and NMDA receptor antagonist / low efficacy partial agonist. It has neuroprotective and anticonvulsant,[1] anxiolytic,[2] antinociceptive[3] and sedative / hypnotic[4] effects in animal models. Pilot human clinical trials in the early 1960s showed that HA-966 appeared to benefit patients with tremors of extrapyramidal origin.[4]

The two enantiomers of HA-966 have differing pharmacological activity. The glycine/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist activity is specific to the (R)-(+)-enantiomer, whereas the sedative and ataxic effects are specific to the (S)-(-)-enantiomer.[5]

(R)-(+)-HA-966 did not induce drug-appropriate responding in animals trained to discriminate phencyclidine (PCP) from saline, suggesting that the glycine receptor ligand (R)-(+)-HA-966 has a significantly different behavioral profile than drugs affecting the ion channel of the NMDA receptor complex.[6]

(S)-(-)-HA-966 has been described as a "γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)-like agent"[7] and a "potent y-butyrolactone-like sedative",[5] but it shows no affinity for the GABAB receptor (GABABR).[7]

HA-966 is structurally a cyclized derivative of norvaline hydroxamate.

See also

References

  1. ^ Vartanian MG, Taylor CP (Nov 1991). "Different stereoselectivity of the enantiomers of HA-966 (3-amino-1-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone) for neuroprotective and anticonvulsant actions in vivo". Neuroscience Letters. 133 (1): 109–12. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(91)90069-6. PMID 1838797. S2CID 36483282.
  2. ^ Dunn RW, Flanagan DM, Martin LL, Kerman LL, Woods AT, Camacho F, Wilmot CA, Cornfeldt ML, Effland RC, Wood PL, et al. (Apr 1992). "Stereoselective R-(+) enantiomer of HA-966 displays anxiolytic effects in rodents". European Journal of Pharmacology. 214 (2–3): 207–14. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(92)90120-S. PMID 1355434.
  3. ^ Näsström J, Karlsson U, Post C (Feb 1992). "Antinociceptive actions of different classes of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists in mice". European Journal of Pharmacology. 212 (1): 21–9. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(92)90067-E. PMID 1313371.
  4. ^ a b Bonta IL, De Vos CJ, Grijsen H, Hillen FC, Noach EL, Sim AW (Nov 1971). "1-Hydroxy-3-amino-pyrrolidone-2(HA-966): a new GABA-like compound, with potential use in extrapyramidal diseases". British Journal of Pharmacology. 43 (3): 514–35. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1971.tb07182.x. PMC 1665789. PMID 5157720.
  5. ^ a b Singh L, Donald AE, Foster AC, Hutson PH, Iversen LL, Iversen SD, Kemp JA, Leeson PD, Marshall GR, Oles RJ, et al. (Jan 1990). "Enantiomers of HA-966 (3-amino-1-hydroxypyrrolid-2-one) exhibit distinct central nervous system effects: (+)-HA-966 is a selective glycine/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, but (−)-HA-966 is a potent gamma-butyrolactone-like sedative". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 87 (1): 347–51. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87..347S. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.1.347. PMC 53260. PMID 2153294.
  6. ^ Singh L, Menzies R, Tricklebank MD (Sep 1990). "The discriminative stimulus properties of (+)-HA-966, an antagonist at the glycine/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor". European Journal of Pharmacology. 186 (1): 129–32. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(90)94069-A. PMID 2149338.
  7. ^ a b Morrow BA, Lee EJ, Taylor JR, Elsworth JD, Nye HE, Roth RH (Nov 1997). "(S)-(−)-HA-966, a gamma-hydroxybutyrate-like agent, prevents enhanced mesocorticolimbic dopamine metabolism and behavioral correlates of restraint stress, conditioned fear and cocaine sensitization". J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 283 (2): 712–21. PMID 9353390.