GLMN

In this article, we will explore GLMN in detail, addressing its main characteristics, impact and relevance in various contexts. GLMN has been the subject of study and debate in different disciplines, arousing the interest and attention of experts and amateurs alike. Throughout history, GLMN has played a fundamental role in society, influencing and shaping important aspects of culture, politics, economics, and everyday life. Likewise, its presence has generated questions and reflections on its meaning, its implications and its projection in the future. Through this article, we propose to analyze all these aspects in a critical and enriching way, providing new perspectives and contributing to the knowledge and understanding of GLMN.

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

GLMN
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4F52
Identifiers
Aliases	GLMN, FAP, FAP48, FAP68, FKBPAP, GLML, GVM, VMGLOM, glomulin, FKBP associated protein
External IDs	OMIM: 601749; MGI: 2141180; HomoloGene: 14239; GeneCards: GLMN; OMA:GLMN - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1p22.1 Start 92,246,402 bp[1] End 92,298,987 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5|5 F Start 107,696,833 bp[2] End 107,745,754 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gonad testicle cerebellar hemisphere right hemisphere of cerebellum gastric mucosa Brodmann area 9 right frontal lobe granulocyte left ovary right ovary Top expressed in neural layer of retina spermatocyte spermatid zygote secondary oocyte tail of embryo primary oocyte epiblast embryo otic placode More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function ubiquitin-protein transferase inhibitor activity protein binding ubiquitin protein ligase binding hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding Cellular component Cul4A-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm Biological process vasculogenesis muscle cell differentiation negative regulation of T cell proliferation neural tube closure positive regulation of phosphorylation circulatory system development regulation of gene expression, epigenetic regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process negative regulation of protein ubiquitination Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 11146 170823 Ensembl ENSG00000174842 ENSMUSG00000029276 UniProt Q92990 Q8BZM1 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_007070 NM_053274 NM_001319683 NM_001161738 NM_001161739 NM_133248 RefSeq (protein) NP_001306612 NP_444504 NP_001155210 NP_001155211 NP_573511 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 92.25 – 92.3 Mb Chr 5: 107.7 – 107.75 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Glomulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GLMN gene.^[5][6]

This gene encodes a phosphorylated protein that is a member of a Skp1-Cullin-F-box-like complex. The protein is essential for normal development of the vasculature and mutations in this gene have been associated with glomuvenous malformations, also called glomangiomas. Alternatively spliced variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described but the full-length nature of only one has been determined.^[6]

Interactions

GLMN has been shown to interact with FKBP4,^[5][7] C-Met^[8] and FKBP1A.^[5][7]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000174842 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ ^{a b c} GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029276 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. ^ ^{a b c} Chambraud B, Radanyi C, Camonis JH, Shazand K, Rajkowski K, Baulieu EE (Jan 1997). "FAP48, a new protein that forms specific complexes with both immunophilins FKBP59 and FKBP12. Prevention by the immunosuppressant drugs FK506 and rapamycin". J Biol Chem. 271 (51): 32923–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.51.32923. PMID 8955134.
6. ^ ^{a b} "Entrez Gene: GLMN glomulin, FKBP associated protein".
7. ^ ^{a b} Neye, H (Mar 2001). "Mutation of FKBP associated protein 48 (FAP48) at proline 219 disrupts the interaction with FKBP12 and FKBP52". Regul. Pept. 97 (2–3). Netherlands: 147–52. doi:10.1016/S0167-0115(00)00206-8. ISSN 0167-0115. PMID 11164950. S2CID 20617551.
8. ^ Grisendi, S; Chambraud B; Gout I; Comoglio P M; Crepaldi T (Dec 2001). "Ligand-regulated binding of FAP68 to the hepatocyte growth factor receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (49). United States: 46632–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104323200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11571281.

Further reading

• McIntyre BA, Brouillard P, Aerts V, Gutierrez-Roelens I, Vikkula M (2004). "Glomulin is predominantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells in the embryonic and adult mouse". Gene Expr. Patterns. 4 (3): 351–58. doi:10.1016/j.modgep.2003.09.007. PMID 15053987.
• Brouillard P, Vikkula M (2003). "Vascular malformations: localized defects in vascular morphogenesis". Clin. Genet. 63 (5): 340–51. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0004.2003.00092.x. PMID 12752563. S2CID 3058248.
• Chambraud B, Radanyi C, Camonis JH, et al. (1999). "Immunophilins, Refsum disease, and lupus nephritis: The peroxisomal enzyme phytanoyl-COA α-hydroxylase is a new FKBP-associated protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (5): 2104–9. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.2104C. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2104. PMC 26744. PMID 10051602.
• Boon LM, Brouillard P, Irrthum A, et al. (1999). "A gene for inherited cutaneous venous anomalies ("glomangiomas") localizes to chromosome 1p21-22". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65 (1): 125–33. doi:10.1086/302450. PMC 1378082. PMID 10364524.
• Brouillard P, Olsen BR, Vikkula M (2001). "High-resolution physical and transcript map of the locus for venous malformations with glomus cells (VMGLOM) on chromosome 1p21-p22". Genomics. 67 (1): 96–101. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6232. PMID 10945476.
• Neye H (2001). "Mutation of FKBP associated protein 48 (FAP48) at proline 219 disrupts the interaction with FKBP12 and FKBP52". Regul. Pept. 97 (2–3): 147–52. doi:10.1016/S0167-0115(00)00206-8. PMID 11164950. S2CID 20617551.
• Harrington JJ, Sherf B, Rundlett S, et al. (2001). "Creation of genome-wide protein expression libraries using random activation of gene expression". Nat. Biotechnol. 19 (5): 440–5. doi:10.1038/88107. PMID 11329013. S2CID 25064683.
• Grisendi S, Chambraud B, Gout I, et al. (2002). "Ligand-regulated binding of FAP68 to the hepatocyte growth factor receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (49): 46632–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104323200. PMID 11571281.
• Brouillard P, Boon LM, Mulliken JB, et al. (2002). "Mutations in a Novel Factor, Glomulin, Are Responsible for Glomuvenous Malformations ("Glomangiomas")". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70 (4): 866–74. doi:10.1086/339492. PMC 379115. PMID 11845407.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Krummrei U, Baulieu EE, Chambraud B (2003). "The FKBP-associated protein FAP48 is an antiproliferative molecule and a player in T cell activation that increases IL2 synthesis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (5): 2444–9. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.2444K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0438007100. PMC 151360. PMID 12604780.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Arai T, Kasper JS, Skaar JR, et al. (2003). "Targeted disruption of p185/Cul7 gene results in abnormal vascular morphogenesis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (17): 9855–60. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.9855A. doi:10.1073/pnas.1733908100. PMC 187864. PMID 12904573.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: Large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.

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