In today’s world, 1305 has become a topic of great relevance and interest to people of all ages. Currently, 1305 is a constant source of debate and reflection, since its impact covers various aspects of daily life. From its influence on popular culture to its impact on the global economy, 1305 continues to be a relevant topic in contemporary society. Throughout history, 1305 has generated conflicting opinions and has been the subject of numerous studies and investigations seeking to understand its meaning and manipulation. That is why, in this article, we will explore in detail and carefully the phenomenon of 1305, analyzing its importance and its implications in different areas of modern life.
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| 1305 in poetry |
Year 1305 (MCCCV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January – March
- January 12 – The marriage of Bastam, the 8-year-old son (and eldest child) of the Ikhanate ruler of Iran, Oljaitu Khan, to Uljay Qutlugh Khatun, the 7-year-old daughter and the only surviving child of the previous Ikhanate, the late Ghazan Khan, takes place in Tabriz. The betrothal of the two children had been arranged by Ghazan and Öljaitü on September 17, 1303.
- January 16 – William de Hamilton is formally invested as Lord Chancellor, the highest-ranking elected official at the time in England.
- January 23 – Henry II Kőszegi, the Ban of Slavonia, completes his conquest of Croatian territory in Požega and Valkó, and issues a charter of annexation from his encampment at Valkószentgyörgy.
- February 26 – In Spain, King James II of Aragon and King Ferdinand IV of Castile have a summit at the Monastery of Santa María de Huerta in Castile. Attending also from Castile are Ferdinand’s uncle, Prince John; Juan Núñez II de Lara of the House of Lara; Ferdinand’s cousin Juan Manuel; and Prince Afonso of Portugal.[1]
- February 28 – The 52nd English Parliament assembles.
- March 19 – Amir Chupan, the Duke of Yi, is betrothed to Dowlandi Khatun, the daughter of Öljaitü.
- March 20 – King Edward dissolves the 52nd Parliament.
- March 25 – Juan Manuel of Castile is made Lord of Alarcón.
April – June
- April 30 – Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos invites Roger de Flor, Italian nobleman and adventurer, to Adrianople and has him assassinated there. Along with de Flor, 300 horsemen and some 1,000 foot soldiers who accompanied him are killed. The plan is executed by Alan mercenaries, who at that time are enlisted in the Byzantine army. The murder of the commander of the Catalan Company does not have the expected results. Not only is the Company not disbanded, but its attacks on Byzantine territory becomes more severe. The period of destruction in Macedonia and Thrace after the murder of de Flor becomes known as the «Catalan Revenge».[2]
- May 19 – In Spain, the Treaty of Elche is signed between King James II of Aragon and King Ferdinand IV of Castile to revise the borders set out nine months earlier in the Treaty of Torrellas.[1]
- June 5 – Pope Clement V, formerly the Archbishop of Bordeaux, succeeds Pope Benedict XI as the 195th pontiff of the Catholic Church. He will reign until 1314.
- June 20 – Öljaitü, the new Mongol Ikhanate, marries Qutlughshah Khatun, daughter of the Kerait Emir Irinjin.
- June 21 – At 14 years old, Wenceslaus III becomes ruler of Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland upon the death at age 33 of his father, King Wenceslaus II.
- June 27 – In recognition of the marriage of his daughter to Öljaitü the Mongol Ikhanate, Mongol Irinjin is appointed Viceroy of Anatolia.[3]
July – September
- July 10 – Battle of Apros: Byzantine forces (some 6,000 men) under Michael IX Palaiologos, consisting of a large contingent of Alans and Turcopoles (Christianized Turks), attack the Catalan Company near Apros.[4] Michael orders a general cavalry charge, but the Turcopoles desert en bloc to the Catalans. During the battle, the Byzantines are defeated (with many losses from the crossbowmen) and Michael is injured but escapes the field.[5]
- July 15 – King Edward of England summons a new Parliament, to assemble on September 15.
- August 3 – William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader and knight, is captured near Glasgow at Robroyston, by English troops led by John de Menteith. He is transported to London and led, crowned mockingly with laurel, in procession to Westminster Hall.
- August 23 – After a three-week trial at Westminster, William Wallace is convicted of treason and of atrocities against civilians in war. After the trial, he is dragged through the streets of Smithfield in London and hanged, drawn and quartered – strangled by hanging – but cut down while still alive, emasculated, disemboweled (with his bowels burned before him), beheaded, and then cut into four parts. Wallace’s head is placed on a spike above the London Bridge, and his limbs are displayed separately, in Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling, and Perth.[6]
- September 15 – King Edward I of England issues ordinances for the government of the Kingdom of Scotland. King Edward issues the first commission of Trailbaston – which empowers him to appoint judicial commissions to punish crimes (such as homicide, theft, arson, and rape) and certain trespasses. Edward adds also conspiracy to the list of presentments.[7]
- September 19 – At Tabriz (now in Iran) Öljaitü the Mongol Ikhanate, receives the Mongol ambassador from Yuan dynasty China.
October – December
- October 9 – King Wenceslaus III marries Viola Elizabeth of Teschen, daughter of Duke Mieszko I, and abandons his claim to Hungary in favor of Otto III of Bavaria. Meanwhile, Wladyslaw II the Elbow-High, claimant to the Polish throne, begins conquering Polish territories.[8][7]
- November 24 – In India, Mahalakadeva, King of Malwa, is killed while attempting to flee the invaders from the Delhi Sultanate. Ayn al-Mulk Multani takes control of the kingdom as the Sultanate’s Governor of Malwa.
- December 8 – At Tabriz, the Mongol Ikhanate Öljaitü receives the ambassador sent by Toqta, Khan of the Golden Horde that rules territory comprising much of what is now Russia.
- December 20 – Battle of Amroha: Mongol forces (some 30,000 men) invade the Delhi Sultanate again in northern India. Sultan Alauddin Khalji dispatches a cavalry force led by Vizier Ghazi Malik, to repulse the Mongols. During the battle (somewhere in the Amroha district), the Delhi forces inflict a crushing defeat upon the invaders. Many Mongols are taken prisoner and incorporated into the Delhi army.[9]
By place
Births
- June 2 – Abu Sa’id Bahadur (or «Abu Sa’id»), Mongol ruler (d. 1335)
- August 18 – Ashikaga Takauji, Japanese general (shogun) (d. 1358)
- September 25 – Al-Mahdi Ali, Yemeni imam and politician (d. 1372)
- September 29 – Henry XIV, German nobleman and co-ruler (d. 1339)
- October 28 – Minbyauk Thihapate, Burmese ruler of Sagaing (d. 1364)
- November 5 – Robert Clifford, English nobleman and knight (d. 1344)
- Agnes of Bohemia, Bohemian princess (House of Přemyslid) (d. 1337)
- Arnoul d’Audrehem, French nobleman, knight and marshal (d. 1370)
- Elizabeth of Poland, queen consort of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1380)
- Gao Ming (or «Gao Zecheng»), Chinese poet and playwright (d. 1370)
- Isabella of Aragon (or «Elisabeth»), German queen consort (d. 1330)
- Khatsun Namkha Lekpa Gyaltsen, Tibetan religious leader (d. 1343)
- Konoe Mototsugu, Japanese nobleman (kugyō) and regent (d. 1354)
- Louis the Junker, German nobleman, knight and co-ruler (d. 1345)
- Peter of Aragon, Spanish prince (infante) and counsellor (d. 1381)
- Peter Thomas, French monk, archbishop and theologian (d. 1366)
- Philippe de Cabassoles, French bishop and papal legate (d. 1372)
- Shiba Takatsune, Japanese general and warlord (daimyo) (d. 1367)
- Thomas of Frignano, Italian cardinal and Minister General (d. 1381)
- Yi Ja-heung, Korean nobleman, official and Grand Prince (d. 1371)
Deaths
- January 17 – Roger of Lauria, Italian nobleman and admiral (b. 1245)
- March 1 – Blanche of France, French princess and duchess (b. 1278)
- March 7 – Guy of Dampierre, French nobleman and knight (b. 1226)
- April 2 – Joan I of Navarre, French queen consort and regent (b. 1273)[10]
- April 10 – Joachim Piccolomini, Italian monk and altar server (b. 1258)
- April 30 – Roger de Flor, Italian nobleman and adventurer (b. 1267)
- May 17 – Hōjō Tokimura, Japanese nobleman (rensho) (b. 1242)
- June 21 – Wenceslaus II, king of Bohemia and Poland (b. 1271)
- August 23 – William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader and knight[11]
- August 26 – Walter of Winterburn, English cardinal and writer
- September 4 – Matteo Rosso Orsini, Italian cardinal (b. 1230)
- September 10 – Nicholas of Tolentino, Italian friar and mystic
- October 4
- Dietrich VII, German nobleman and knight (b. 1256)
- Kameyama, Japanese emperor and priest (b. 1249)
- October 9 – Robert de Pontigny, French abbot and cardinal
- November 11 – Otto I, German nobleman and knight (b. 1262)
- November 16 – Albertino Morosini, Venetian nobleman and governor[12]
- November 18 – John II, French nobleman and knight (b. 1239)
- November 24 – Mahalakadeva, ruler of India’s Malwa Kingdom (killed in battle)
- Guillaume de Villaret, French knight and Grand Master (b. 1235)
- John I, Piedmontese nobleman (House of Aleramici) (b. 1275)
- John II van Sierck (or «Zyrick»), Dutch archdeacon and bishop
- Qian Xuan (or «Shun Ju»), Chinese official and painter (b. 1235)
References
- ^ a b Peter Such, The Chronicle of King Pedro (Oxford University Press, 2020) p.358
- ^ Burns, R. Ignatius (1954). «The Catalan Company and the European Powers, 1305–1311», p. 752. Speculum, Vol. 29 (4). University of Chicago Press.
- ^ Charles Melville, «Anatolia under the Mongols», in The Cambridge History of Turkey, ed. by Kate Fleet (Cambridge University Press, 2009)
- ^ Peter Lock, The Franks in the Aegean: 1204-1500 (Taylor & Francis, 2014) p.322
- ^ Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453, pp. 79–82. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1620-2.
- ^ Armstrong, Pete (2003). Osprey: Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–98, p. 88. ISBN 1-84176-510-4.
- ^ a b Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell’s Chronology of World History, p. 154. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526, p. 129. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 1-86064-061-3.
- ^ Banarsi Prasad Saksena (1970). «The Khalijs: Alauddin Khalij». A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206–1526, p. 393. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress/People’s Publishing House. OCLC 31870180.
- ^ «Joan I | Facts & Biography». Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on July 22, 2018. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ «On this day 1305: William Wallace hanged, drawn and quartered». The Scotsman. Archived from the original on July 22, 2018. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ Bácsatyai, Dániel (2023). «A széplelkű kamaraispán és más szerencselovagok. III. András olaszai «. Századok (in Hungarian). 157 (6). Magyar Történelmi Társulat: 1183. ISSN 0039-8098.
