WX notation

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This article contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.
Ubuntu Hindi (WX) keyboard layout
Ubuntu Hindi (WX) keyboard layout

WX notation is a transliteration scheme for representing Indian languages in ASCII. This scheme originated at IIT Kanpur for computational processing of Indian languages, and is widely used among the natural language processing (NLP) community in India. The notation (though unidentified) is used, for example, in a textbook on NLP from IIT Kanpur.[1] The salient features of this transliteration scheme are: Every consonant and every vowel has a single mapping into Roman. Hence it is a prefix code,[2] advantageous from a computation point of view. Typically the small case letters are used for un-aspirated consonants and short vowels while the capital case letters are used for aspirated consonants and long vowels. While the retroflexed voiceless and voiced consonants are mapped to 't, T, d and D', the dentals are mapped to 'w, W, x and X'. Hence the name of the scheme "WX", referring to the idiosyncratic mapping. Ubuntu Linux provides a keyboard support for WX notation.

In the following tables, such idiosynratic assignment of letters to phonemes with which they are normally not associated are boldfaced. Besides 'w', 'W', 'x', and 'X', these are 'f', 'F', 'q', 'Q', 'L', and 'R'.

Vowels

अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ
a A i I u U e E o O

Sonorants

ऋ ॠ ऌ
q Q L

Anusvāra and visarga

ं ः
M H

The Anunasika is represented by 'z'. For example, अँ = az. In Sanskrit, the Avagraha is represented by 'Z'. For example, वमतोऽन्तः = vamawoZnwaH. This may cause confusion as 'Z' is also used for another purpose in the case of other Indic languages (see below, last paragraph).

Consonants

क् ख् ग् घ् ङ् Velar
k K g G f
च् छ् ज् झ् ञ् Palatal
c C j J F
ट् ठ् ड् ढ् ण् Retroflex
t T d D N
त् थ् द् ध् न् Dental
w W x X n
प् फ् ब् भ् म् Labial
p P b B m
य् र् ल् व् Semi-vowel
y r l v
श् ष् स् ह् Fricative
S R s h

This scheme was further extended to represent all the Indian scripts derived from Brahmi. To account for the characters from other Indian languages that are missing in Devanagari, three operators are used: 'Y' to get the next ISCII character, 'V' to get the previous ISCII character and 'Z' to add the nuqta. Thus for example, 'l' represents ल (U0932) of Devanagari, and 'lY' represents ळ (U0933) in Marathi. 'e' represents ए (U090F) of Devanagari or ఏ (U0C0F) of Telugu and eV represents ऎ (U090E) or ఎ (U0C0E) of Telugu. Similarly 'ka' represents क of Devanagari, and 'kZa' represents क़.

See also

References

  1. ^ Akshar Bharati; Vineet Chaitanya; Rajeev Sangal (1996). "Appendix B". Natural Language Processing: A Paninian Perspective (PDF). Prentice-Hall of India. pp. 191–193. ISBN 9788120309210. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  2. ^ {{Sanskrit Computational Linguistics First and Second International Symposia Rocquencourt, France, October 29-31, 2007 Providence, RI, USA, May 15-17, 2008, Revised Selected Papers Editors: Huet, Gérard, Kulkarni, Amba, Scharf, Peter (Eds.) | url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783642001543 ; refer to Appendix B}}