Trailing suction hopper dredger

In this article, we are going to explore and analyze in depth Trailing suction hopper dredger, a topic that has captured the attention of people from different fields and interests. From its impact on modern society to its influence on popular culture, Trailing suction hopper dredger is a topic that continues to generate debates and discussions around the world. Throughout these pages, we will delve into the different perspectives and opinions about Trailing suction hopper dredger, as well as its evolution over time. If you are interested in learning more about this exciting topic, we invite you to continue reading and discover everything Trailing suction hopper dredger has to offer.

DCI Dredge XV (ship, 1999) (IMO 9164122) at Visakhapatnam, India
The dredge drag head of a suction dredge barge on the Vistula River, Warsaw, Poland
Trailing suction hopper dredger in action in 1987, Beaufort Sea near Tuktoyaktuk

A trailing suction hopper dredger[1] (TSHD) is a type of ship capable of maintaining navigable waterways, deepening the maritime canals that are threatened to become silted, constructing new land elsewhere or replacing sand eroded by storms or wave action on the beaches. This is made possible by large, powerful pumps and engines able to suck sand, clay, silt and gravel.[2]

Operation

Properties

A trailing suction hopper dredger is self-loading/unloading and sometimes equipped with a pressurized discharging system.

Loading

From the side of the ship one or two suction pipes descend to the bottom of the seabed. On the end of the pipe a so-called trailing drag head is connected. This head is comparable to a large vacuum cleaner and is trailed along the seabed. In the head there are nozzles connected to a high pressure water installation that are capable of loosening the material on the seabed. Due to lower pressure in the pipe, the material will be sucked inward and discharged in the hopper.

The vessel should always have a positive speed over the ground. It is possible to regulate the density of the sucked substance. If the head is lowered, more material will be sucked but this risks damaging the installation because the material can get stuck inside the pipes. Once the mixture is loaded inside the hopper, the substance will sink and the water is discharged overboard, saving on storage space. A trailing suction hopper dredger can only suck relatively loose substance because the steel teeth are not so big. Harder substances such as rock or ironbased rock must be destroyed by a cutter.

Discharging

MV Sand Heron with the hopper visible

There are several ways to discharge a TSHD. The most common way is dumping the material.

  • Dumping – This is done by simply opening the doors that close the hopper. Once opened the substance will simply drop to the seabed because of gravity. The hopper will never be completely empty because there will always be some residue and water left inside.
  • Pressing – High-pressure pumps will pump water inside the hopper to loosen or even liquefy the substance, which can then be pumped via long hoses over great distances (f.i. ashore)
  • Rainbowing – This is the same principle as pressing, but instead of transporting the substance it will simply be blown away. This is often used to create land.
  • Crane – It is always possible to discharge the load with a crane, but this will be a time-consuming process.

Equipment

A trailing suction hopper dredger is equipped with the following equipment:

  • One, or more, rearward extending suction pipes
  • One or more, Dredging pumps to create an under pressure in order to suck the substance into the hopper
  • Transportation tubes to transport the substance from the pipes to the hopper
  • An overflow to discharge the redundant water overboard
  • Degassing installation to extract any possible gas from the substance in order to reduce damage and increase fluency
  • Dredge turning gland, allows a radial rotation in both directions

Functions

A dredging vessel[3] and particularly a TSHD is mostly used for

References

  1. ^ "Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger". Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  2. ^ "Trailing suction hopper dredger". Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  3. ^ Neha Singh. "Different Types of Dredgers Used in the Maritime Industry". Marine Insight. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Suction hopper dredge ships.