Tatar (Mongolia)

In today's world, Tatar (Mongolia) has become a topic of increasing interest to many people. With the advancement of technology and globalization, Tatar (Mongolia) has become relevant in various areas of society, from politics to science. Throughout history, Tatar (Mongolia) has been the subject of debate and analysis, generating conflicting opinions and provoking endless research and studies. In this article, we will explore the different facets of Tatar (Mongolia), analyzing its impact on various spheres of daily life and its relevance in today's world. From its origins to its influence on the present, we will try to address Tatar (Mongolia) in a comprehensive manner, seeking to understand its importance and the implications it has on today's society.

Not to be confused with Tatar confederation, Tatars, or Chinese Tatars.
Forty tümen Mongols
1388–1635
Tribes of the Mongolian Plateau during the Ming dynasty in the 15th century
  Tatar
  Oirats
Capital
  1. Karakorum (16th century)
  2. Chaganhaote (1617–1634)
Common languagesMongolian (Classical Mongolian)[1]
Religion
Shamanism, Tibetan Buddhism
GovernmentMonarchy
Khagan 
• 1388–1391
Jorightu Khan Yesüder (first)
• 1634–1635
Ejei Khan (last)
Historical eraLate Middle Ages
• Yesüder killed Tögüs Temür, Tianyuan Emperor of Yuan, abolished the dynastic name Great Yuan, and proclaimed himself Khan
1388
• Ejei surrendered to the Later Jin; the Great Mongol State officially perished
12 June 1635
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Northern Yuan
Later Jīn
Outer Khalkha

Tatar (simplified Chinese: 鞑靼; traditional Chinese: 韃靼; pinyin: Dádá; 1388 – 12 June 1635[2]) was a general term used by the Han Chinese to refer to the nomadic peoples in the north. During the Ming dynasty, it specifically referred to the Eastern Mongols.[3] In the early 15th century, the Mongolian tribes were divided into two major groups: the Eastern and the Western. The eastern part of the Mongolian grasslands was composed of tribes that were originally ruled by the Northern Yuan court. They were nomadic and inhabited both the northern and southern regions of the Gobi Desert. The Ming dynasty referred to them as "Tatars." The western part was inhabited by the Oirats, located in the northwest of the Mongolian Plateau.[4] The "Tatars" were ruled by the descendants of Kublai Khan, or by other Mongol branches who were not direct descendants but still considered part of the Chinggisids.[5] Their ancestors were the Black Tatars mentioned in the New History of Yuan.[6] The Mongols who were referred to as "Tatars" by the Ming called themselves The Forty Mongols (Mongolian: Дөчин Монгол;[7] Mongolian script: ᠳᠥᠴᠢᠨ
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ; Döchin Mongol),[8][9] and are also known as the Mongol proper in modern times.[10]

During that period, Eastern Mongolia was divided into various independent tribes. After Dayan Khan unified the Eastern Mongols, they were divided into six Tümens, and the name Six Tümens (Mongolian: Зургаан түмэн;[11] Zurgaan tümen) was used in Mongolian thereafter until Inner Mongolia was conquered by the Later Jin. Later, it was further divided into the left and right wings. The left wing consisted of the Chahars, Khalkha, Uriankhai, and Khorchin tribes, while the right wing included the Yunshebuu, Ordos, Tumed, and Asud tribes.[12]

References

  1. ^ Bakaeva, E. P.; Orlova, K. V. (2003). "Монгольские этнонимы:вопросы происхождения и этнического состава Монгольских народов" [Mongolian ethnonyms: questions of the origin and ethnic composition of the Mongolian peoples] (PDF). Kalmyk Scientific Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  2. ^ Cao, Yongnian (September 2007). 内蒙古通史 (in Chinese). Vol. 2. People Republic of China: Inner Mongolia University Publishing House. p. 452. ISBN 9787811152111.
  3. ^ Song, Yirui (9 March 2018). 中國歷史之旅：明朝風雲 (in Traditional Chinese). People Republic of China: Sun Ya Publications (HK) Ltd. p. 87. ISBN 9789620869679.
  4. ^ Wang, Yongqiang (1 August 1999). 中国少数民族文化史图典: 北方卷 (in Chinese). People Republic of China: Guangxi Education Publishing House. p. 108. ISBN 9787543528475.
  5. ^ Biran, Michal; Landa, Ishayahu (2024-12-16). "The Chinggisid Crisis of the mid-fourteenth century: reasons and consequences". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 35 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1017/S1356186324000294. ISSN 1356-1863.
  6. ^ Hu, Naian (1968). 中國民族系支簡篇 (in Traditional Chinese). Republic of China: Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission.
  7. ^ "Дөчин түмэн монгол улс". ANALESTA (in Mongolian). 2014-05-19.
  8. ^ М, Алтан-Оргил (1996). "ДӨЧИН ТҮМЭН МОНГОЛ УЛС ХЭМЭЭХ НЭРИЙН ТУХАЙ". ШУА-ийн Дорнодахин, олон улс судлалын хүрээлэн (in Mongolian).
  9. ^ Dalijabu (1991). "北元史研究三题". Heilongjiang National Series (in Chinese) (2): 70.
  10. ^ "蒙古族·历史沿革". State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China (in Chinese).
  11. ^ "Зургаан түмэн". Монголын түүхийн тайлбар толь (in Mongolian). 2016-12-15.
  12. ^ Yang, Shaoyou; Mo, Junqing (1 August 1996). 明代民族史 (in Chinese). People Republic of China: Sichuan Publishing House of Minority Nationalities. p. 45. ISBN 7540917741.