In today's world, Protic solvent has become a topic of increasing interest to a wide range of people. Whether we are talking about Protic solvent on a personal, professional or cultural level, its importance and relevance cannot be underestimated. As society advances, Protic solvent has become increasingly relevant in our daily lives, influencing everything from individual decisions to global trends. In this article, we will explore the different aspects of Protic solvent and its impact on the modern world, as well as the various perspectives that exist around this topic.
In chemistry, a protic solvent is a solvent that has a hydrogen atom bound to an oxygen (as in a hydroxyl group −OH), a nitrogen (as in an amine group −NH2 or −NH−), or fluoride (as in hydrogen fluoride). In general terms, any solvent that contains a labile H+ is called a protic solvent. The molecules of such solvents readily donate protons (H+) to solutes, often via hydrogen bonding. Water is the most common protic solvent. Conversely, polar aprotic solvents cannot donate protons but still have the ability to dissolve many salts.[1][2]
Methods for purification of common solvents are available[3]
| Solvent | Chemical formula | Boiling point | Dielectric constant | Density | Dipole moment (D) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polar protic solvents | |||||
| formic acid | HCO2H | 101 °C | 58 | 1.21 g/mL | 1.41 D |
| n-butanol | CH3CH2CH2CH2OH | 118 °C | 18 | 0.810 g/mL | 1.63 D |
| isopropanol (IPA) | (CH3)2CH(OH) | 82 °C | 18 | 0.785 g/mL | 1.66 D |
| nitromethane | CH3NO2 | 101°C | 35.87 | 1.1371 g/mL | 3.56 D |
| ethanol (EtOH) | CH3CH2OH | 79 °C | 24.55 | 0.789 g/mL | 1.69 D |
| methanol (MeOH) | CH3OH | 65 °C | 33 | 0.791 g/mL | 1.70 D |
| Acetic acid (AcOH) | CH3CO2H | 118 °C | 6.2 | 1.049 g/mL | 1.74 D |
| Water | H2O | 100 °C | 80 | 1.000 g/mL | 1.85 D |