Polonia (personification)
In this article we will explore the fundamental role that Polonia (personification) has played throughout history, analyzing its impact on different aspects of society. From its origins to the present, Polonia (personification) has been the subject of debate and analysis in multiple disciplines, awakening the curiosity and interest of experts and fans alike. Through a multidimensional approach, we will examine its influence on culture, politics, technology and other areas, to better understand its relevance in the contemporary world. By considering diverse perspectives and reviewing empirical evidence, we aim to provide a comprehensive view of Polonia (personification) and its meaning in today's society.
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Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance and other languages, is most often used in modern Polish to refer to the Polish diaspora. However, as can be seen from the image, it was also used as a national personification.
The symbolic depiction of a country as a woman called by the Latin name of that country was common in the 19th century (see Germania, Britannia, Hibernia, Helvetia).
Personifications of Poland in art
- Bernardo Morando Polonia, Old Lublin Gate in Zamość, 1588
- Ary Scheffer Polonia, 1831
- Horace Vernet Polish Prometheus, 1831
- Jan Matejko Polonia, Illustration to Zygmunt Krasiński's "Psalmy Przeszłości" ("Psalms of the past"), 1861
- Artur Grottger Polonia, 1863[1]
- Jan Matejko Rok 1863. Zakuwana Polska ("Year 1863 - Polonia enchained"), 1864[1]
- Jan Styka Polonia, 1890–91
- Stanisław Wyspiański Polonia, 1892-93. Part of stained-glass design for chancel of Latin Cathedral in Lviv/Lwów (in pastel, never realized in glass)[1]
- Jacek Malczewski In the Dust Cloud, 1893[2]
- Jacek Malczewski Hamlet polski - Portret of Aleksander Wielopolski ("Polish Hamlet - Portrait of Aleksander Wielopolski"), 1903[1]
- Jacek Malczewski The Fatherland, 1903[1]
- Włodzimierz Tetmajer Alegoria Polski umarłej ("Allegory of Dead Poland"), St. Nicholas Cathedral in Kalisz, 1909
- Jacek Malczewski Polonia, 1914
- Władysław Skoczylas Polonia, 1915
- Jacek Mierzejewski Polonia, 1915
- Jacek Malczewski Polonia II, 1918
- Leszek Sobocki Polonia, 1982
- Edward Dwurnik Polonia, 1984
Gallery
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Personification of Poland standing on the shoulders of a pope and a king; from a 16th-century political treatise by Stanisław Orzechowski -
Polonia by Bernardo Morando (1588). Bas-relief at the top of the Old Lublin Gate in Zamość -
Bas-relief on monument in Lublin commemorating the 1569 union between Poland and Lithuania, Paweł Maliński (1826) -
Polonia by Ary Scheffer (1831). Allegory of fall of the November Uprising -
Polish Hamlet. Portrait of Aleksander Wielopolski by Jacek Malczewski (1903). The female figures symbolize young revolutionary Poland and old enslaved Poland -
Allegory of Dead Poland by Włodzimierz Tetmajer (1909) -
Polonia depicted on a Polish 10 Złoty coin of 1932
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References
- ^ a b c d e Jan Cavanaugh. Out Looking in: Early Modern Polish Art, 1890-1918. University of California Press. 2000. pp. 18, 106-107, 188.
- ^ Jeremy Howard. Art Nouveau: International and National Styles in Europe. Manchester University Press. 1996. p. 135.