List of data structures

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This is a list of well-known data structures. For a wider list of terms, see list of terms relating to algorithms and data structures. For a comparison of running times for a subset of this list see comparison of data structures.

Data types

Primitive types

• Boolean, true or false.
• Character
• Floating-point representation of a finite subset of the rationals.
  • Including single-precision and double-precision IEEE 754 floats, among others
• Fixed-point representation of the rationals
• Integer, a direct representation of either the integers or the non-negative integers
• Reference, sometimes erroneously referred to as a pointer or handle, is a value that refers to another value, possibly including itself
• Symbol, a unique identifier
• Enumerated type, a set of symbols
• Complex, representation of complex numbers

Composite types or non-primitive type

• Array, a sequence of elements of the same type stored contiguously in memory
• Record (also called a structure or struct), a collection of fields
  • Product type (also called a tuple), a record in which the fields are not named
• String, a sequence of characters representing text
• Union, a datum which may be one of a set of types
• Tagged union (also called a variant, discriminated union or sum type), a union with a tag specifying which type the data is

Abstract data types

• Container
• List
• Tuple
• Associative array, Map
• Multimap
• Set
• Multiset (bag)
• Stack
• Queue (example Priority queue)
• Double-ended queue
• Graph (example Tree, Heap)

Some properties of abstract data types:

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Structure	Ordered?	Uniqueness?
List	yes	no
Associative array	no	keys (indexes) only
Set	no	yes
Stack	yes	no
Multimap	no	no
Multiset (bag)	no	no
Queue	yes	no

"Ordered" means that the elements of the data type have some kind of explicit order to them, where an element can be considered "before" or "after" another element. This order is usually determined by the order in which the elements are added to the structure, but the elements can be rearranged in some contexts, such as sorting a list. For a structure that isn't ordered, on the other hand, no assumptions can be made about the ordering of the elements (although a physical implementation of these data types will often apply some kind of arbitrary ordering). "Uniqueness" means that duplicate elements are not allowed. Depending on the implementation of the data type, attempting to add a duplicate element may either be ignored, overwrite the existing element, or raise an error. The detection for duplicates is based on some inbuilt (or alternatively, user-defined) rule for comparing elements.

Linear data structures

A data structure is said to be linear if its elements form a sequence.

Arrays

• Array
• Bit array
• Bit field
• Bitboard
• Bitmap
• Circular buffer
• Control table
• Image
• Dope vector
• Dynamic array
• Gap buffer
• Hashed array tree
• Lookup table
• Matrix
• Parallel array
• Sorted array
• Sparse matrix
• Iliffe vector
• Variable-length array

Lists

• Doubly linked list
• Array list
• Linked list also known as a Singly linked list
• Association list
• Self-organizing list
• Skip list
• Unrolled linked list
• VList
• Conc-tree list
• Xor linked list
• Zipper
• Doubly connected edge list also known as half-edge
• Difference list
• Free list

Trees

Trees are a subset of directed acyclic graphs.

Binary trees

• AA tree
• AVL tree
• Binary search tree
• Binary tree
• Cartesian tree
• Conc-tree list
• Left-child right-sibling binary tree
• Order statistic tree
• Pagoda
• Randomized binary search tree
• Red–black tree
• Rope
• Scapegoat tree
• Self-balancing binary search tree
• Splay tree
• T-tree
• Tango tree
• Threaded binary tree
• Top tree
• Treap
• WAVL tree
• Weight-balanced tree
• Zip tree

B-trees

• B-tree
• B+ tree
• B*-tree
• Dancing tree
• 2–3 tree
• 2–3–4 tree
• Queap
• Fusion tree
• Bx-tree

Heaps

• Heap
• Min-max heap
• Binary heap
• B-heap
• Weak heap
• Binomial heap
• Fibonacci heap
• AF-heap
• Leonardo heap
• 2–3 heap
• Soft heap
• Pairing heap
• Leftist heap
• Treap
• Beap
• Skew heap
• Ternary heap
• D-ary heap
• Brodal queue

Bit-slice trees

In these data structures each tree node compares a bit slice of key values.

• Radix tree
• Suffix tree
• Suffix array
• Compressed suffix array
• FM-index
• Generalised suffix tree
• B-tree
• Judy array
• Trie
• X-fast trie
• Y-fast trie
• Merkle tree

Multi-way trees

• Ternary search tree
• Ternary tree
• K-ary tree
• And–or tree
• (a,b)-tree
• Link/cut tree
• SPQR-tree
• Spaghetti stack
• Disjoint-set data structure (Union-find data structure)
• Fusion tree
• Enfilade
• Exponential tree
• Fenwick tree
• Van Emde Boas tree
• Rose tree

Space-partitioning trees

These are data structures used for space partitioning or binary space partitioning.

• Segment tree
• Interval tree
• Range tree
• Bin
• K-d tree
• Implicit k-d tree
• Min/max k-d tree
• Relaxed k-d tree
• Adaptive k-d tree
• Quadtree
• Octree
• Linear octree
• Z-order
• UB-tree
• R-tree
• R+ tree
• R* tree
• Hilbert R-tree
• X-tree
• Metric tree
• Cover tree
• M-tree
• VP-tree
• BK-tree
• Bounding interval hierarchy
• Bounding volume hierarchy
• BSP tree
• Rapidly exploring random tree

Application-specific trees

• Abstract syntax tree
• Parse tree
• Decision tree
• Alternating decision tree
• Minimax tree
• Expectiminimax tree
• Finger tree
• Expression tree
• Log-structured merge-tree

Hash-based structures

• Approximate Membership Query Filter
  • Bloom filter
  • Cuckoo filter
  • Quotient filter
• Count–min sketch
• Distributed hash table
• Double hashing
• Dynamic perfect hash table
• Hash array mapped trie
• Hash list
• Hash table
• Hash tree
• Hash trie
• Koorde
• Prefix hash tree
• Rolling hash
• MinHash
• Ctrie

Graphs

Many graph-based data structures are used in computer science and related fields:

• Graph
• Adjacency list
• Adjacency matrix
• Graph-structured stack
• Scene graph
• Decision tree
  • Binary decision diagram
• Zero-suppressed decision diagram
• And-inverter graph
• Directed graph
• Directed acyclic graph
• Propositional directed acyclic graph
• Multigraph
• Hypergraph

Other

• Lightmap
• Winged edge
• Quad-edge
• Routing table
• Symbol table
• Piece table
• E-graph

See also

• List of algorithms
• Purely functional data structure
• Blockchain, a hash-based chained data structure that can persist state history over time

External links

• Tommy Benchmarks Comparison of several data structures.

v t e Data structures
Types	Collection Container
Abstract	Associative array Multimap Retrieval Data Structure List Stack Queue Double-ended queue Priority queue Double-ended priority queue Set Multiset Disjoint-set
Arrays	Bit array Circular buffer Dynamic array Hash table Hashed array tree Sparse matrix
Linked	Association list Linked list Skip list Unrolled linked list XOR linked list
Trees	B-tree Binary search tree AA tree AVL tree Red–black tree Self-balancing tree Splay tree Heap Binary heap Binomial heap Fibonacci heap R-tree R* tree R+ tree Hilbert R-tree Trie Hash tree
Graphs	Binary decision diagram Directed acyclic graph Directed acyclic word graph
List of data structures