Kupa

In the article that we present below we are going to address the topic of Kupa in an exhaustive and detailed way. Kupa is a topic of great relevance today, which arouses great interest and debate in various areas. Throughout the article we will analyze the different perspectives and approaches that exist regarding Kupa, as well as its historical relevance and its impact on current society. We will also examine the future implications of Kupa and possible solutions or measures that could be taken regarding it. With this article, we aim to provide a global and complete vision of Kupa, with the aim of contributing to the debate and knowledge on this topic.

This article is about the river in Croatia and Slovenia. For other uses, see Kupa (disambiguation).
"Kolpa" redirects here. For the band, see Kolpa (band).
Kupa / Kolpa
River valley from Kozice
Kupa River watershed (interactive map)
Map
Location
Countries
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationRazloge, Gorski kotar, Croatia
 • coordinates45°29′28″N 14°41′20″E / 45.491°N 14.689°E / 45.491; 14.689
 • elevation313 metres (1,027 ft) [3]
Mouth 
 • location
Sava, Sisak, Croatia
 • coordinates
45°27′36″N 16°24′08″E / 45.46000°N 16.40222°E / 45.46000; 16.40222
Length297.4 km (184.8 mi)[1][2]
Basin size10,226 km2 (3,948 sq mi)[1]
Discharge 
 • average283 m3/s (10,000 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionSava→ Danube→ Black Sea

The Kupa (Croatian pronunciation: [kûpa]) or Kolpa (Slovene pronunciation: [ˈkóːlpa] or [ˈkóːwpa]; from Latin: Colapis in Roman times; Hungarian: Kulpa) river, a right tributary of the Sava, forms a natural border between north-west Croatia and southeast Slovenia. It is 297 kilometres (185 miles) long,[1] with a length of 118 km (73 mi) serving as the border between Croatia and Slovenia[3] and the rest located in Croatia.[4]

Etymology

The name Colapis, recorded in antiquity, is presumed to have come from the Proto-Indo-European roots *quel- 'turn, meander' and *ap- 'water', meaning 'meandering water'. An alternative interpretation is *(s)kel-/*skul- 'shiny, bright', meaning 'clear river'.[5]

Course

In its lower course, the Kupa meanders through the plains of the Pannonian Basin.

The Kupa originates in Croatia in the mountainous region of Gorski Kotar, northeast of Rijeka, in the area of Risnjak National Park. It flows a few kilometers eastwards, receives the small Čabranka River from the left, before reaching the Slovenian border.

It then continues eastwards between the White Carniola region in the north and Central Croatia in the south. The Kupa receives influx from the river Lahinja from the left in Primostek, passes Vrbovsko, and eventually detaches from the Slovenian border having passed Metlika.

It then reaches the city of Karlovac, where it receives influx from two other rivers from the right, Dobra and Korana (which in turn is joined by Mrežnica). The Kupa continues flowing to the east, where it merges with Glina from the right, it then passes through two small towns called Šišinec and Brkiševina, and then proceeds to the town of Sisak where it merges with Odra from the left and, after passing through Sisak town centre, flows into the Sava River.

Pollution

Fairly unpolluted downstream to Karlovac, the upper Kupa is a popular place for bathing in summer. The section from Stari Trg down to Fučkovci since 2006 is part of the Slovenian Krajinski park Kolpa nature reserve.

The hydrological parameters of the Kupa are regularly monitored at Radenci, Kamanje, Karlovac, Jamnička Kiselica and Farkašić.[6]

History

In 1899, the notary of Brod, M. Pavelić, set out to excavate an easier path down to the source of the Kupa.[7]

  • Main spring.
    Main spring.
  • Source canyon.
    Source canyon.
  • From Sodevska stena.
    From Sodevska stena.
  • At Ozalj.
    At Ozalj.
  • In Šišinec.
    In Šišinec.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Sava River Basin Analysis Report" (PDF). International Sava River Basin Commission. September 2009. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF, 9.98 MB) on 2010-07-17.
  2. ^ Ostroški, Ljiljana, ed. (December 2015). Statistički ljetopis Republike Hrvatske 2015 [Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia 2015] (PDF). Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia (in Croatian and English). Vol. 47. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. p. 49. ISSN 1333-3305. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  3. ^ a b Rivers, longer than 25 km, and their catchment areas, Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia
  4. ^ Surface streams and water balance of Slovenia, Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning
  5. ^ Šimunović 2013, pp. 205–206.
  6. ^ "Daily hydrological report". meteo.hr. Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
  7. ^ Uredništvo (1889). "Novi put na izvor rieke Kupe" (PDF). Naše planine (in Croatian). No. 9. p. 143. ISSN 0354-0650.

Sources

Further reading

  • Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža (2013–2024). "Kupa". Hrvatska enciklopedija (online ed.). Archived from the original on 2023-12-27.
  • Hirc, Dragutin (1898) . "Na izvoru rieke Kupe". Gorski kotar: slike, opisi i putopisi. Illustrated by Václav Lev Anderle. Zagreb: 🖶 Lavoslav Hartman (Kugli i Deutsch). pp. 49–59. Republished as Hirc, Dragutin (1993) . "Na izvoru rieke Kupe". Gorski kotar: slike, opisi i putopisi. Illustrated by Václav Lev Anderle. Rijeka: 🖶 Tiskara Rijeka. pp. 49–59. ISBN 953-158-004-9.

Biology

Ecology

Geology

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