Hermann von Stengel

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Stengel on 16 June 1900.

Hermann Guido Leopold Freiherr[a] von Stengel (19 July 1837 – 5 May 1919) was a Bavarian administrator, a German politician and Finance Minister of the German Empire from 1903 to 1908.

Early life

He was born in Speyer, Electorate of the Palatinate, on 19 July 1837, and baptized two days later. Hermann was the son of Carl Albert Leopold von Stengel and Julia Magdalena Catharina Franziska von Mayer.

Political career

After studying law, he entered into the civil service of Bavaria. In 1874, he became government assessor in Würzburg. In 1881 he was made ministerial council, and as such authorized deputy of the Bundesrat in Berlin. He exercised this office until he was appointed State Council sixteen years later.

On 23 August 1903, he was appointed as a successor to Max Franz Guido von Thielmann as Finance Minister of the German empire. In the years that followed, there was a steady deterioration of the empire's finances that developed into a constant, structural crisis. The Fleet Acts of 1898 and 1900, employment of German troops during the Boxer Rebellion in China, the expansion of the army in 1893, 1899 and 1905 by as many as 613,000 men, and the increase in military pensions, all had to be financed.

Pressured by the increasing costs of armament, he developed a measure in 1906 that undermined the existing federal system, and instituted a country-wide inheritance tax, in addition to higher excise taxes. Yet the measures were not able to achieve the desired results, so the German empire's debt of 3 billion marks in 1904, grew to 4 billion in 1908 (equivalent to 21 billion and 25 billion 2021 euros). On 20 February 1908, he was replaced as Finance Minister by Reinhold Sydow.

Publications

Orders and decorations

References

Notes

  1. ^ Regarding personal names: Freiherr is a former title (translated as 'Baron'). In Germany since 1919, it forms part of family names. The feminine forms are Freifrau and Freiin.

Sources

  1. ^ "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen". Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Mecklenburg-Strelitz: 1915 (in German). Neustrelitz: Druck und Debit der Buchdruckerei von G. F. Spalding und Sohn. 1915. p. 27.

Literature

  • (in German) Biographical data.
  • Stürmer, Michael (1983). Die Deutschen und ihre Nation. Das ruhelose Reich – Deutschland 1866–1918 (in German). Kornwestheim. ISBN 3886800512.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Witt, P. C. (1970). Die Finanzpolitik des Deutschen Reiches von 1903 bis 1913. Eine Studie zur Innenpolitik des Wilhelminischen Deutschland (in German). Lübeck.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Political offices
Preceded by Finance Minister of Germany
1903–1908 		Succeeded by
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