In today's world, Germinal matrix hemorrhage has become a topic of interest to a wide variety of people. With the passage of time, Germinal matrix hemorrhage has gained relevance in different areas, whether in the personal, academic, professional, political or cultural sphere. The importance of Germinal matrix hemorrhage is not limited to a single area, but its impact extends to multiple aspects of daily life. In this article, we will explore the different facets of Germinal matrix hemorrhage and its influence on today's society, analyzing both its positive aspects and its challenges. Through a multidisciplinary approach, we seek to deepen the understanding of Germinal matrix hemorrhage and its meaning in the contemporary world.
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Germinal matrix hemorrhage is a bleeding into the subependymal germinal matrix with or without subsequent rupture into the lateral ventricle. Such intraventricular hemorrhage can occur due to perinatal asphyxia in preterm neonates.[1]
This may lead to various neurological sequelae including presentation with cerebral palsy, mental retardation and seizures.
The germinal matrix is the site of proliferating neuronal and glial precursors in the developing brain, which is located above the caudate nucleus, in the floor of the lateral ventricle, and caudothalamic groove. The germinal matrix contains a rich network of fragile thin-walled blood vessels. Hence the microcirculation in this particular area is extremely sensitive to hypoxia and changes in perfusion pressure. It is most frequent before 35 weeks gestation and is typically seen in very low birth-weight (<1500g) premature infants, because they lack the ability for auto regulation of cerebral blood flow. Consequently, increased arterial blood pressure in these blood vessels leads to rupture and hemorrhage into germinal matrix.[2] [additional citation(s) needed]
A commonly used classification system of germinal matrix hemorrhage is the sonographic grading system proposed by Papile:[3][citation needed]
In the grading system proposed by Papile the grad 4 hemorrhages results from a subependymal bleeding into the adjacent brain parenchyma. Today however these bleedings are regarded as venous hemorrhagic infarctions. This is a result of veins compressed by the subependymal bleeding.
Antenatal corticosteroids have a role in reducing incidence of germinal matrix hemorrhage in premature infants.[4]
Stem cell-based therapies may help to treat germinal matrix hemorrhage in preterm babies but there is currently no reliable evidence to support their use.[5]