Duchy of Siewierz

In today's world, Duchy of Siewierz is a topic that has captured the attention of people of all ages and interests. Whether it is an important event, a relevant figure, a new concept or something completely different, Duchy of Siewierz has managed to make a significant impact on society. Throughout this article, we will explore in detail what makes Duchy of Siewierz so intriguing and important, as well as the extent of its influence in different areas. From its origin to its current impact, Duchy of Siewierz has left an indelible mark on the modern world, and it is essential to understand its relevance in our daily lives.

For the Russian principality, see Siverian Principality.

Duchy of Siewierz
Ducatus Severiensis
Księstwo Siewierskie
Silesian duchy
Possession of the Archbishop of Kraków
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1312–1790

Subdivisions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
in 1635, Duchy of Siewierz marked in red
CapitalSiewierz
History 
• Mieszko of Bytom Duke of Siewierz
1312
• Acquired by Cieszyn
1337
• Purchased by the Archbishop of Kraków
1443
• Incorporated into the
   Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1790
• Annexed by Prussia
1790
• Jean Lannes titular Prince of Siewierz
1807
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Duchy of Bytom
New Silesia
Today part ofPoland

The Duchy of Siewierz was a duchy with its capital in Siewierz. The area was initially part of Lesser Poland, but it was incorporated into Duchy of Silesia established after the death of Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth in 1138 during the times of the fragmentation of Poland. In 1443, the Duchy of Siewierz became a Duchy of Lesser Poland under the control of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, which made the Duchy rule by the bishops of Kraków, and here ended Siewierz's history with Silesia, as it became again part of Lesser Poland.

Siewierz Castle

Siewierz was ruled by the Silesian Piasts as part of the Duchy of Bytom under Duke Casimir. In 1312 he granted the town to his youngest son Mieszko, who renounced it in favour of his brother Władysław. In 1337 it was acquired by Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn, whose scion Wenceslaus I sold it to the Archbishop of Kraków in 1443. Zygmunt Gloger in his book "Historical geography of lands of ancient Poland" ("Geografia historyczna ziem dawnej Polski"), published in 1900, writes that the Duchy of Siewierz belonged to Lesser Poland, after it was bought by the Archbishops of Kraków.[1]

Since 1443, after its acquisition by Archbishop Zbigniew Cardinal Oleśnicki for 6,000 silver groats,[2] it was, alongside the Duchy of Nysa, the only ecclesiastical duchy in the region[which?] (ruled by a bishop of the Catholic Church). On many levels this tiny principality was almost a 'country within a country': it had its own laws, treasury and army.

The union of the duchy with Lesser Poland was concluded when in 1790 the Great Sejm formally incorporated the Duchy as a Land of the Polish Crown into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the course of the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, the duchy and its adjacent regions were annexed by Prussia and incorporated into the new province of New Silesia. In 1800 the Kraków bishops moved their residence away from Siewierz.

Territory of the former duchy within Congress Poland

Temporarily recreated in 1807 by Napoleon as a gift for his marshal Jean Lannes within the Duchy of Warsaw, after the 1815 Congress of Vienna the lands became part of Congress Poland under Imperial Russian rule. In 1918, Siewierz became part of the Second Polish Republic, from 1939 to 1945 it was occupied by Nazi Germany. The bishops of Kraków continued to use the title of a Prince of Siewierz until the death of Adam Stefan Sapieha in 1951. The Dukes of Montebello claim the title prince de Sievers, due to their descent from Marshall Lannes, but without recognition from the French or Polish States.

Dukes

See also

References

  1. ^ Zygmunt Gloger Geografia historyczna ziem dawnej Polski "Właściwą Małopolskę stanowiły województwa: Krakowskie, Sandomierskie i Lubelskie, oraz kupione (w wieku XV) przez Zbigniewa Oleśnickiego, biskupa krakowskiego, u książąt śląskich księstwo Siewierskie"
  2. ^ Davies, Norman (2005). God's Playground: A History of Poland. Columbia University Press. pp. 174. ISBN 978-0-231-12817-9.

50°28′08″N 19°14′10″E / 50.468880°N 19.236080°E / 50.468880; 19.236080