Coldwater fish

In this article, we will explore the issue of Coldwater fish in depth, addressing its main aspects, implications and possible solutions. We will delve into its historical origin, as well as its relevance today, analyzing the different perspectives that exist on the matter. Likewise, we will examine the challenges and opportunities that Coldwater fish poses in various areas, whether personal, social, economic, political or cultural. Through a multidisciplinary approach, we aim to offer a comprehensive and updated vision of Coldwater fish, in order to encourage reflection and informed debate around this topic of great relevance in contemporary society.

Japanese koi carp are coldwater fish.

The term coldwater fish can have different meanings in different contexts.

Fishkeeping

Most or all ornamental fish species are able to tolerate temperatures as low as or lower than room temperature, with most stenothermic tropical species having critical thermal minimums of around 10-12 °C.[1] Although these fish are capable of surviving in unheated aquaria, their temperature preferences may vary. For example, koi, goldfish, and pond loaches are commonly considered to be cold-water fish because of their ability to survive at very low temperatures, but their temperature preferences and/or physiological optimal temperatures are 32 °C (90 °F),[2] 24–31 °C (75–88 °F),[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and 26–28 °C (79–82 °F),[22] respectively. Because many of the ornamental fish considered to be “coldwater fish” are more accurately eurythermal fish and many prefer temperatures similar to, or even warmer than those preferred by certain tropical fish, the term “coldwater fish” in the aquarium context often misleads pet owners into keeping fish below their preferred temperature.

Freshwater aquarium fish

Note: The above contains a mix of true coldwater fish and sub-tropical fish that can survive and thrive at room temperature which ranges from 15 °C (59 °F) and to 30 °C (86 °F).[23]

Freshwater pond fish

Saltwater aquarium fish

Wild fisheries

The term "coldwater" is also used to refer to wild fish species that prefer bodies of water that are colder than most temperate waters. In recreational fishing, anglers may loosely break down fish into categories of warm-water fish, cool-water fish, and cold-water fish. Warm-water fish, such as largemouth bass, sunfish and bullhead catfish, are species that tend to dwell in relatively warm tropical and temperate waters similar to the room temperatures that humans easily find comfortable. Cool-water species, such as smallmouth bass and walleye, can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but tend to be most abundant in cooler rivers or deeper parts of ponds and lakes, where the temperature is slightly lower than room temperatures. Cold-water species, such as salmonids (e.g. salmon, trout, char, graylings, freshwater whitefishes, etc.) and gadiforms (cods, hakes, pollock, haddock, burbot and rocklings, etc.), however become stressed at warm temperatures and are most active in colder temperatures around 7–18 °C (45–65 °F) which resemble a more subarctic or alpine condition. Because these designations are informal, different fisheries management authorities may recognize different boundaries in temperature preference between the categories.

See also

References

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  10. ^ Müller, Rudolf (January 1977). "Temperature selection of goldfish (carassius auratus L.) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis mitch.) After heterogeneous temperature acclimation". Journal of Thermal Biology. 2 (1): 5–7. doi:10.1016/0306-4565(77)90003-1. ISSN 0306-4565.
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  12. ^ Rausch, Richard N.; Crawshaw, Larry I.; Wallace, Helen L. (2000-03-01). "Effects of hypoxia, anoxia, and endogenous ethanol on thermoregulation in goldfish, Carassius auratus". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 278 (3): R545 – R555. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.3.r545. ISSN 0363-6119.
  13. ^ Reutter, J. M. & Herdendorf, C. E. (1976). "Thermal Discharge from a Nuclear Power Plant: Predicted Effects on Lake Erie Fish". Lake Erie Area Research.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Reynolds, William W.; Casterlin, Martha E. (July 1979). "Effect of temperature on locomotor activity in the goldfish (Carassius auratus) and the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): Presence of an 'activity well' in the region of the final preferendum". Hydrobiologia. 65 (1): 3–5. doi:10.1007/bf00032711. ISSN 0018-8158.
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  16. ^ REYNOLDS, W. W.; COVERT, J. B.; CASTERLIN, MARTHA E. (July 1978). "Febrile responses of goldfish Carassius auratus (L.)to Aeromonas hydrophila and to Escherichia coli endotoxin". Journal of Fish Diseases. 1 (3): 271–273. Bibcode:1978JFDis...1..271R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1978.tb00031.x. ISSN 0140-7775.
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  22. ^ Zhi-min, J.I.N. (2011). "Effect of Temperature and pH Value on the Survival and Feeding of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ". Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences.
  23. ^ "Definition of ROOM TEMPERATURE". www.merriam-webster.com. 20 April 2024.

Marine Aquarium Fish - http://www.oregonreef.com/sub_coldwater.htm

Freshwater Aquarium Fish - Practical Fishkeeping Magazine

Freshwater Pond Fish - An Essential Guide to Choosing Your Pond Fish and Aquatic Plants by Graham Quick and also http://www.pondexpert.co.uk/ChoosingTheRightFishForYourPond.html