In this article we are going to analyze Angarium from different perspectives, delving into its most relevant aspects and providing new ideas to understand it better. Angarium is a topic of great relevance today, since it has a significant impact on different areas of society. Through this article, we aim to explore its importance in various contexts and examine how it has evolved over time. Additionally, we will focus on specific aspects that may not have been fully explored, with the goal of offering a more complete and enriching view on Angarium. Likewise, we will present different opinions and approaches that will allow us to understand its complexity and its influence in today's world.
The Angarium (Latin; from Greek Ἀγγαρήιον angareion) was the institution of the royal mounted couriers in ancient Persia. The messengers, called angaros (ἄγγαρος), alternated in stations a day's ride apart along the Royal Road. The riders were exclusively in the service of the Great King and the network allowed for messages to be transported from Susa to Sardis (2699 km) in nine days; the journey took ninety days on foot.[1]
Herodotus, in about 440 BC, describes the Persian messenger system which had been perfected by Darius I about half a century earlier:
Now there is nothing mortal which accomplishes a journey with more speed than these messengers, so skillfully has this been invented by the Persians: for they say that according to the number of days of which the entire journey consists, so many horses and men are set at intervals, each man and horse appointed for a day's journey. These neither snow nor rain nor heat nor darkness of night prevents from accomplishing each one the task proposed to him, with the very utmost speed. The first then rides and delivers the message with which he is charged to the second, and the second to the third; and after that it goes through them handed from one to the other, as in the torch-race among the Hellenes, which they perform for Hephaestus. This kind of running of their horses the Persians call Angarium.[2]
A sentence of this description of the angarium, translated as "Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds," is famously inscribed on the James A. Farley Building in New York City.