Anaxyelidae
In this article, we will delve into the world of Anaxyelidae to explore its many facets and discover its importance in different contexts. Throughout history, Anaxyelidae has played a fundamental role in people's lives, impacting the way we relate, work and function in society. From its origins to its relevance today, Anaxyelidae has been the subject of study and debate, generating endless interpretations and opinions. Through this article, we propose to analyze and reflect on Anaxyelidae, unraveling its most relevant aspects and offering a critical and comprehensive look that allows us to understand its true scope.
| Anaxyelidae Temporal range:
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| Syntexis libocedrii | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Clade: | Unicalcarida |
| Superfamily: | Siricoidea |
| Family: | Anaxyelidae Martynov 1925 |
| Genera | |
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See text | |
Anaxyelidae is a family of incense cedar wood wasps in the order Hymenoptera. It contains only one living genus, Syntexis, which has only a single species, native to Western North America.[1][2][3] Fossils of the family extend back to the Middle Jurassic, belonging to over a dozen extinct genera, with a particularly high diversity during the Early Cretaceous. Syntexis lay eggs in the sapwood of conifers, preferring recently burnt wood.[4]
Genera
These genera belong to the family Anaxyelidae:
Taxonomy after[4]
- Subfamily Syntexinae
- Syntexis Rohwer, 1915 Western North America, Recent
- † Cretosyntexis Rasnitsyn & Martinez-Delclos, 2000 La Pedrera de Rubies Formation, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)
- † Curiosyntexis Kopylov, 2019[5] Ola Formation Russia, Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
- † Daosyntexis Kopylov, Rasnitsyn, Zhang & Zhang, 2020 Daohugou, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)[6]
- † Dolichosyntexis Kopylov, 2019[5] Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- † Eosyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1990 Purbeck Group, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) La Pedrera de Rubies Formation, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Barremian), Turga Formation, Russia, Aptian, Spanish amber, Early Cretaceous (Albian)
- † Orthosyntexis J. Gao, Engel, Shih, & T. Gao, 2021 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)[4]
- † Parasyntexis Kopylov, 2019[5] Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- † Sclerosyntexis Wang, Ren, Kopylov & Gao, 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)[7]
- Subfamily Anaxyelinae
- † Anasyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
- † Anaxyela Martynov, 1925 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
- † Brachysyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1969 Daohugou, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Yixian Formation, China, Aptian, Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- † Dolichostigma Rasnitsyn, 1968 Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- † Kempendaja Rasnitsyn, 1968 Khaya Formation, Russia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
- † Kulbastavia Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
- † Mangus Kopylov, 2019[5] Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- † Sphenosyntexis Rasnitzyn, 1969 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
- † Syntexyela Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
- † Urosyntexis Rasnitzyn, 1969 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
References
- ^ Taeger, A.; Liston, A.D.; Prous, M.; Groll, E.K.; et al. (2018). "ECatSym – Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera)". Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (SDEI), Müncheberg. Retrieved 2019-06-01.
- ^ Aguiar, A.P.; Deans, A.R.; Engel, M.S.; Forshage, M.; et al. (2013). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (ed.). "Order Hymenoptera. In: Zhang Z-Q (ed) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classif. and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda 2013)". Zootaxa. 3703 (1): 1–82. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.12. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1. ISSN 1175-5326. PMID 26146682.
- ^ "Family Anaxyelidae information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-06-01.
- ^ a b c Gao, Jia; Engel, Michael S.; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong; Gao, Taiping (2021-10-29). "A new genus of anaxyelid wood wasps from the mid-Cretaceous and the phylogeny of Anaxyelidae (Hymenoptera)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 86: 151–169. doi:10.3897/jhr.86.73161. ISSN 1314-2607. S2CID 240258376.
- ^ a b c d KOPYLOV, DMITRY S. (2019-05-09). "New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia". Zootaxa. 4603 (2): 341. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 31717231. S2CID 164717860.
- ^ Kopylov, Dmitry S.; Rasnitsyn, Alexander P.; Zhang, Haichun; Zhang, Qi (2020-01-02). "Anaxyelidae of Daohugou: oldest occurrences of the relict family in the fossil record. Part 1: Daosyntexis and Brachysyntexis". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 44 (1): 104–114. Bibcode:2020Alch...44..104K. doi:10.1080/03115518.2019.1697753. ISSN 0311-5518. S2CID 213022739.
- ^ Wang, Yimo; Wang, Mei; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong; Kopylov, Dmitry S.; Gao, Taiping (May 2020). "A new anaxyelid sawfly (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Siricoidea) in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber". Cretaceous Research. 109: 104372. Bibcode:2020CrRes.10904372W. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104372. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 213923812.
Further reading
- Goulet, H.; Huber, J., eds. (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada Publication. Vol. 1894/E. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.
- Sharkey, M. J.; Carpenter, J. M.; Vilhelmsen, L. (2012). "Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera" (PDF). Cladistics. 28 (1): 80–112. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00366.x. ISSN 0748-3007. PMID 34861753. S2CID 33628659.
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