Alam al Jabarut
In this article, we will explore the fascinating world of Alam al Jabarut and all the implications this topic has in today's environment. From its history to its impact on society, through its different perspectives and applications, we will analyze in depth all the relevant aspects of Alam al Jabarut. In addition, we will delve into the latest research and discoveries on this topic, as well as the opinions of experts on the subject. Without a doubt, Alam al Jabarut is an exciting and constantly evolving topic, so this article aims to be a guide to better understand its importance and meaning today.
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Alam al-Jabarut (Arabic: عَالَم الْجَبَرُوت, romanized: ʿālam al-jabarūt "World of Power")[1] is a realm proposed in Islamic cosmology. According to Suhrawardi (1154–1191), this is the highest realm and denotes the place of God's presence.[2]: 189 Below alam al-jabarut lies alam al-malakut "World of Sovereignty", followed by alam al-mulk "World of Dominion". The term jabarut doesn't appear in the Quran, but al-jabbar does (59:23). Thus, the things in al-jabarut were those which cannot change and are compelled in their state of eternity.[3]: 310
In the writings of al-Ghazali (c. 1058–1111), alam al-jabarut has not been conceived as the highest realm yet but connects the physical realm (al-mulk) with the intelligible world (al-malakut).[2]: 188 First centuries later, alam al-jabarut becomes an independent ontological realm, latest within the writings of Suhrawardi.[2]: 189 Here, al-malakut is below alam al-jabarut, which in turn, is placed above alam al-mulk. The higher realms are thought to influence the realms below, but not as spatially separated worlds.[4]
Aziz ad-Din Nasafi, a 13th-century Persian Sufi, describes in Manazil as-sa'irin the ontological ordering of the world. Accordingly, both alam al-malakut and alam al-mulk, in which existence is actual, are potentially in jabarut.[3]: 307 The term "world" (alam) is accidental, thus limited to al-mulk and al-malakut, but not applied to jabarut, which is eternal.[3]: 306
While some scholars argued there is no significant difference between alam al-jabarut and al-malakut,[3]: 306–07 others regarded alam al-jabarut to be the abode of the highest angels (Cherubim)[3]: 308 and spirits. At the same time al-malakut denotes a realm for lower spirits (angels, jinn, Satan).[3]: 308 In this regard, al-jabarut is also considered to be the created aspect of rasul and the original reality of Adam as the perfect human (Al-Insān al-Kāmil). The lower angels, who dwell in al-malakut, could be encountered by humans, the most elected angels inhabit al-jabarut.[3] This would depict the domain of primary angelic manifestations; the realm of archetypes, thrones and powers. This is also the paradise of the afterlife excepting the supreme paradise.[1] This realm is thus eternal existence while the others are created and limited.[3]
See also
References
- ^ a b Cyril Glassé, Huston Smith The New Encyclopedia of Islam Rowman Altamira 2003 ISBN 978-0-759-10190-6 pp. 144–45
- ^ a b c Lange, Christian (2016). Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions. Cambridge United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-50637-3.
- ^ a b c d e f g h N. Hanif Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East Sarup & Sons 2002 ISBN 978-8-176-25266-9
- ^ Amira El-Zein Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn Syracuse University Press 2009 ISBN 978-0-815-65070-6 p. 6