3C 263

In this article we will address 3C 263, a topic that has currently attracted great interest. 3C 263 is a topic that has generated debates and discussions in various areas, whether in politics, society, science or culture. 3C 263 has long been the subject of study and research, and its relevance continues to increase today. In this article we will explore different aspects related to 3C 263, analyzing its impact and relevance in today's society.

3C 263
The quasar 3C 263.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationUrsa Major
Right ascension11h 39m 57.0250s
Declination+65° 47′ 49.482″
Redshift0.646000
Heliocentric radial velocity193,666 km/s
Distance5.817 Gly
Apparent magnitude (V)16.32
Apparent magnitude (B)16.50
Characteristics
TypeOpt.var; Sy1, LPQ
Other designations
DA 305, 4C 66.13, LEDA 2817636, 2E 2503, PG 1137+660, QSO B1137+660, RBS 1014

3C 263 is a radio-loud, lobe-dominated quasar located in the constellation of Ursa Major. It has a redshift of (z) 0.652[1] and was discovered in 1966 by astronomers.[2] It is known to show evidence of superluminal motion[3] and is located inside the center of a moderate rich galaxy cluster.[4]

Description

3C 263 is classified as a Fanaroff-Riley Type II source.[5][6] It is also a steep spectrum[7] source with its radio structure best described as a double-lobed structure.[8] When imaged by Very Large Array, its lobes are asymmetrically placed and of unequal brightness. One lobe is described as jetted and the other as being relaxed. There is also a linear jet containing bright, elongated knots and a diffused emission region located 2 arcseconds from the hotspot region.[9] There is another weak component showing a flux density of 0.13 x 10-26 W m-2 Hz-1.[10]

Observations by Chandra X-ray Observatory, showed the compact component of the quasar is made up of several subcomponents; mainly an extended halo, a weak leading component and a bright central component with a flat two-point radio spectrum.[5] Parsec-scale observations showed the source as a core-jet structure with a bright nucleus. Based on results, its jet contains three knots which in turn projects out from the radio core by 2.5 mas.[11]

The nucleus of 3C 263 is found variable. It exhibits an variation amplitude that is greater than 40 mJy at 5 GHz. Superluminal motion was also detected inside its nucleus with evidence of parsec-scale jet components showing acceleration and nonradial motion. According to results, the inner jet component has a transverse velocity of 0.7h-1 c while the outer jet component has a velocity of 1.2-2.5 h-1 c.[3] Soft X-ray emission was also found surrounding the object with its luminosity calculated as 16.4 x 1043 erg s-1.[12]

The host galaxy of 3C 263 is described as a flat-system according to Hubble Space Telescope. Based on observations, the host has an aligned major axis along the position angle of 350°. The absolute magnitude of the host is approximately 22.2.[13] Faint galaxies have also been found surrounding the object.[14] A multiphase absorption system was found at redshift (z) 0.32566 towards the object, showing detections of neon elements.[15][16]

References

  1. ^ Savage, B. D.; Kim, T.-S.; Keeney, B.; Narayanan, A.; Stocke, J.; Syphers, D.; Wakker, B. P. (2012-06-14). "The Properties of Two Low-Redshift O Vi Absorbers and Their Associated Galaxies Toward 3C 263". The Astrophysical Journal. 753 (1): 80. arXiv:1205.0762. Bibcode:2012ApJ...753...80S. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/753/1/80. ISSN 0004-637X.
  2. ^ Ford, W. Kent, Jr.; Rubin, Vera C. (July 1966). "Quasi-Stellar Objects with Small Redshifts: 1217+02, 3c 249.1, and 3c 263". The Astrophysical Journal. 145: 357. Bibcode:1966ApJ...145..357F. doi:10.1086/148774. ISSN 0004-637X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ a b Hough, D. H.; Zensus, J. A.; Porcas, R. W. (1996-06-01). "Evidence for Acceleration and Nonradial Motion of Parsec-Scale Jet Components in the Lobe-dominated Superluminal Quasar 3C 263". The Astrophysical Journal. 464: 715. Bibcode:1996ApJ...464..715H. doi:10.1086/177358. ISSN 0004-637X.
  4. ^ Crawford, C. S.; Fabian, A. C.; George, I. M.; Naylor, T. (1991-01-01). "Implications of the ionizing continuum of 3C 263". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 248: 139–147. Bibcode:1991MNRAS.248..139C. doi:10.1093/mnras/248.1.139. ISSN 0035-8711.
  5. ^ a b Hardcastle, M. J.; Birkinshaw, M.; Cameron, R. A.; Harris, D. E.; Looney, L. W.; Worrall, D. M. (2002-12-20). "Magnetic Field Strengths in the Hot Spots and Lobes of Three Powerful Fanaroff-Riley Type II Radio Sources". The Astrophysical Journal. 581 (2): 948–973. arXiv:astro-ph/0208204. Bibcode:2002ApJ...581..948H. doi:10.1086/344409. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ^ Fernini, Ilias (2007-05-17). "8.4 GHz High-Resolution Observations of Fanaroff-Riley II 3CR Radio Sources with 0.3 < z < 2.0. II. Ten New Images". The Astronomical Journal. 134 (1): 158–168. Bibcode:2007AJ....134..158F. doi:10.1086/518216. ISSN 0004-6256.
  7. ^ Crawford, C. S.; Fabian, A. C. (1989-07-01). "Spectroscopy of extended emission-line gas around quasars at Z = 0.5-1". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 239 (1): 219–245. Bibcode:1989MNRAS.239..219C. doi:10.1093/mnras/239.1.219. ISSN 0035-8711.
  8. ^ Porcas, R. W. (1986-01-01). "Compact Radio Structure of Quasars". Quasars; Proceedings of the IAU Symposium, Bangalore, India, Dec. 2-6, 1985. 119: 131.
  9. ^ Bridle, Alan H.; Hough, David H.; Lonsdale, Colin J.; Burns, Jack O.; Laing, Robert A. (1994-09-01). "Deep VLA Imaging of Twelve Extended 3CR Quasars". The Astronomical Journal. 108: 766. Bibcode:1994AJ....108..766B. doi:10.1086/117112. ISSN 0004-6256.
  10. ^ Mitton, S. (1970-07-01). "Energy Production in Four Extragalactic Radio Sources". Astrophysical Letters. 6: 161. Bibcode:1970ApL.....6..161M. ISSN 0004-6388.
  11. ^ Hough, D. H.; Vermeulen, R. C.; Readhead, A. C. S.; Cross, L. L.; Barth, E. L.; Yu, L. H.; Beyer, P. J.; Phifer, E. M. (March 2002). "Parsec-Scale Radio Structure and Broad Optical Emission Lines in a Complete Sample of 3CR Lobe-dominated Quasars". The Astronomical Journal. 123 (3): 1258–1287. Bibcode:2002AJ....123.1258H. doi:10.1086/338847. ISSN 0004-6256.
  12. ^ Crawford, C. S.; Fabian, A. C. (March 2003). "Extended X-ray emission around four 3C quasars at 0.55 > z < 0.75 observed with Chandra". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 339 (4): 1163–1169. arXiv:astro-ph/0211232. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.339.1163C. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06268.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  13. ^ Lehnert, Matthew D.; Miley, George K.; Sparks, William B.; Baum, Stefi A.; Biretta, John; Golombek, Daniel; de Koff, Sigrid; Macchetto, Ferdinando D.; McCarthy, Patrick J. (August 1999). "HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE Snapshot Survey of 3CR Quasars: The Data". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 123 (2): 351–376. Bibcode:1999ApJS..123..351L. doi:10.1086/313239. ISSN 0067-0049.
  14. ^ Fabian, A. C.; Naylor, T.; Sciama, D. W. (1991-03-01). "IUE observations of the quasar 3C263 constrain the ionizing photon luminosity of decaying dark matter". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 249: 21P – 23P. Bibcode:1991MNRAS.249P..21F. doi:10.1093/mnras/249.1.21P. ISSN 0035-8711.
  15. ^ Narayanan, Anand; Savage, Blair D.; Wakker, Bart P. (2012-05-25). "COSMIC ORIGINS SPECTROGRAPH OBSERVATIONS OF WARM INTERVENING GAS ATz∼ 0.325 TOWARD 3C 263". The Astrophysical Journal. 752 (1): 65. arXiv:1204.3951. Bibcode:2012ApJ...752...65N. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/752/1/65. ISSN 0004-637X.
  16. ^ Narayanan, Anand; Wakker, Bart P.; Savage, Blair D. (2009-08-25). "DETECTION OF Ne VIII IN AN INTERVENING MULTIPHASE ABSORPTION SYSTEM TOWARD 3C 263". The Astrophysical Journal. 703 (1): 74–80. arXiv:0907.3479. Bibcode:2009ApJ...703...74N. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/703/1/74. ISSN 0004-637X.